Para 20 may well cover it. I've never quite understood the substantial public interest requirement for what is essentially a private contract. Presumably there is a SPI in allowing people to insure and recover otherwise many activities would grind to a halt?
For scenario 1 I suggest you cover this contractually so that 9(2)(b) is available.
For both scenarios I would suggest 9(2)(f) may apply - clearly you have a valid legal claim against your insurer for whatever they have covered and you need to supply evidence to support it.
In neither scenario can I see consent working - it flounders on 'freely given'. Fairly obvious for employees. But can you say to a complainant - "we will only process your claim if ... " and still say freely given? *
That's GDPR - don't forget medical confidentiality may also bite you
* For this reason in health we do not process information for patient complaints "by consent" but under our statutory duty in https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/2936/regulation/16/made
However if no consent is provided and the complaints team cannot access the records (it is a non-care purpose) the complaint will get nowhere.
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