medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Bill East wrote:
>
>We must not forget though that before the
> Tridentine authorisation there were many variant rites, the most
> familiar to English speakers being the Sarum; no doubt our resident
> authority will tip us off when the Sarum use differed from what I
> shall be setting forward.
That sound like my cue! Could I just say by way of preliminary that I am
not happy about the Offertory being described as an 'antiphon'. Only the
Introit has a true antiphon, although the Communion is technically an
antiphon - I believe all the others are technically Responsories.
> The Introit of the Mass for the First Sunday in Advent begins with
> the first three verses from psalm 24 (the psalms in the old Missals
> are invariably given in the Vulgate numbering, not the Hebrew, and I
> shall retain this convention):
>
> Ad te levavi animam meam: Deus meus, in te confido, non erubescam:
> neque irrideant me inimici mei: etenim universi, qui te exspectant,
> non confundentur.
>
> This is the 'antiphon' which is sung before a verse of a psalm, not
> necessarily or indeed usually the same psalm. However in this case
> the psalm-verse is simply verse 4 of the same psalm 24:
>
> Vias tuas, Domine, demonstra mihi: et semitas tuas edoce me.
>
> Then follows the Gloria Patri, and finally the antiphon, "Ad te
> levavi" is repeated.
In the Sarum Use, the Introit is sung in the full form: Antiphon - Psalm
verse - Antiphon - Gloria Patri - Antiphon
> The Gradual consists of verses 3 and 4 reprised from the same psalm:
>
> Universi, qui te exspectant, non confundentur. Vias tuas, Domine,
> demonstra mihi: et semitas tuas edoce me.
Not exactly - I'm sure you meant to say that the second part of verse 3 is
the Responsory and the second part of verse 4 is the Versicle :-)
> But the verse of the Alleluia, which follows on immediately from the
> Gradual, changes to psalm 84, verse 8:
>
> Alleluia, alleluia. Ostende nobis, Domine, misericordiam tuam: et
> salutare tuum da nobis. Alleluia.
You should have said that "Alleluia, alleluia" is the Responsory, and
"Ostende nobis, Domine, misericordiam tuam: et salutare tuum da nobis.
Alleluia." is the versicle. (I'm not sure about the final alleluia - the
alleluias are not part of the psalm verse.)
It's a bit complicated in the Sarum Use, but I think the Gradual is sung,
repeated, then the Alleluia is sung, then repeated. (With various
exceptions!)
> Now the Offertory antiphon consists, once again, of Psalm 24, verses
> 1-3, identical in wording (though not in its musical setting) to the
> antiphon of the Introit:
>
> Ad te levavi animam meam: Deus meus, in te confido, non erubescam:
> neque irrideant me inimici mei: etenim universi, qui te exspectant,
> non confundentur.
Hang on - you've slipped up here: the wording is *not* identical! It should
be:
Ad te Domine levavi animam meam: Deus meus, in te confido, non erubescam:
neque irrideant me inimici mei: etenim universi, qui te exspectant, non
confundentur.
In the Sarum Use, that is the Responsory. There are two different verses,
sung on alternate Ferias:
V. Dirige me in veritate tua, et doce me, quia tu es Deus salutaris meus, et
te sustinui tota die.
(Verse 5, with one verbal variation)
V. Respice in me et miserere mei domini: custodi animam meam et eripe me:
non confundar quoniam invocavi te.
(Not really from anywhere in particular, as far as I can tell.)
> But the Communion antiphon consists of another verse (no. 13) from
> psalm 84, the psalm of the Alleluia:
>
> Dominus dabit benignitatem: et terra nostra dabit fructum suum.
Well, sort of. Verse 13 is actually:
Etenim Dominus dabit benignitatem, et terra nostra dabit fructum suum.
> Thus the Introit, Gradual and Offertory consist of verses from psalm
> 24; but the Alleluia and Communion consist of verses from psalm 84.
John Briggs
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