Hi All,
An interesting discussion. I think it’s important to keep in view here the distinction between the empirical and the analytical, or the emic and the etic. Sure enough, the notion of “culture” has a social life beyond the bounds of anthropological texts. But whether anthropologists themselves want to deploy or deconstruct the category will surely depend on what they are attempting to achieve; analyses are always problem-orientated. In the case of culture, specifically, I think it is incumbent upon us to be wary of the pernicious uses of the term - by anthropologists as well as others - although one might take this an invitation to retool the concept rather than abandon it entirely.
Many thanks.
Best wishes,
Michael
> On Jul 22, 2019, at 5:26 AM, Dolores Martinez <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> I would beg to differ. Most modern countries like Japan use the equivalent
> term for culture and try to teach all foreigners about theirs. I think the
> time has come for anthropologists to admit that nation states use this term
> and teach it via schools, through political discourse, and the mass media
> as a way of building the imagined community. Trying to do away with it does
> not help us at all. That is not to say that it is not somehow very vague as
> a concept (it has to be to work as a common denominator), but on some
> fragile points it is build. Invented traditions, ways of greeting, expected
> modes of public behaviour (my favourite as an anthropologist of Japan who
> is still a ‘foreigner’ in the UK, was when waiting in a queue for the loo
> at a British Nepal event behind many women, all speaking Nepali to each
> other, someone tried to jump the queue. Quick as a flash the cry, in
> English, went up: There IS a queue you know.), ways of recognising status
> groups and regional differences are all part of ‘culture’. I don’t think it
> hurts to give visitors some hints at what even migrants to this country
> come to learn as acceptable behaviour. My toughest learning curve having
> been raised in the US? Being asked ‘how are you’ is NOT an invitation to
> actually answer the question. So ingrained in me is the idea that people
> might want even a superficial reply to this beyond, ‘Fine thank you, how
> are you?’ that I still occasionally fail that litmus test of Britishness. A
> robust anthropology should be able to recognise the general, while focusing
> on the lived and specific realities. The fisherfolk I worked with in Japan
> broke so many ‘rules’ of Japanese ‘culture’ and yet knew what they were and
> knew when to adhere to them as well. It’s that ability to shift gears that
> is interesting, but you can’t do anthropology if you don’t know what the
> gears are...
>
>> On Monday, 22 July 2019, Peter Cave <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>
>> I think Cathy Baldwin's well made point shows precisely why the concept of
>> 'culture' should be abandoned, and illustrates what I said about its being
>> used to include some and exclude others. As Yohai said in his post, it is
>> problematic to make generalisations about the 'culture' of peoples in Asia,
>> Africa, Latin America, etc. It is just as problematic to make
>> generalisations about the 'culture' of groups anywhere, including the group
>> that an individual considers herself or himself to belong to. Saying 'I am
>> an X, and doing Y is our culture', is going beyond just saying 'doing Y is
>> something many people who consider themselves X do'; it is saying 'doing Y
>> is a very well established aspect of being X, and not just well established
>> but valuable enough to be considered legitimate and a marker of this
>> group'. It is a way of making a claim that a group is cohesive and
>> distinctive. It is understandable why vulnerable minority groups might want
>> to do this, but it still tends to act to homogenize, reify, and threaten
>> the autonomy of less powerful individuals within the group who might not
>> necessarily want to do what others are doing; while in the hands of more
>> powerful groups, it is a way of asserting the primacy of certain practices
>> and norms, and excluding other practices, and people who are seen as
>> outside one's own group ('they don't share our culture'; 'this is
>> British/German/Japanese culture, that isn't', 'we need to maintain
>> traditional English/Japanese culture').
>>
>> Peter Cave
>> Senior Lecturer in Japanese Studies
>> SALC, University of Manchester
>> Samuel Alexander Building
>> Oxford Road
>> Manchester M13 9PL
>> United Kingdom
>> Tel: +44 (0)161 275 3195
>> www.manchester.ac.uk/research/peter.cave/<http://www.
>> manchester.ac.uk/research/peter.cave/>
>>
>> ________________________________
>> From: Cathy Baldwin [[log in to unmask]]
>> Sent: 21 July 2019 22:26
>> To: Peter Cave
>> Cc: [log in to unmask]
>> Subject: Re: British cultural code
>>
>> Hi there,
>>
>> I think the danger of abandoning the concept of 'culture' and using other
>> terms to describe er common patterns of behaviour, thought, practices,
>> norms, expressions etc within a geographic area is that the anthropologist
>> become the elite spokesperson who 'denies' what some other folks believes
>> exist and they identify with. And this is just as dangerous as
>> 'reification' or using culture narratives to create imaginary boundaries
>> and exclude some people from this cultural entity/centre. When I spent 5
>> years talking weekly to members of the "white English" population of
>> Swindon about this subject, many were frankly fed of being told by whom
>> they perceived as the 'right on brigade', i.e. politicians, academics,
>> people writing in the Guardian etc that they had no culture, but it was
>> okay for BME groups to have er culture. If we look at phenomena like
>> Brexit, Trump, the shift to more people voting for far right parties in
>> Europe, it is no coincidence that among the many reasons why some of the
>> voting public are turning to these options, is a perception that some
>> people with these inclinations hold that they're sick of being told they
>> can't have 'their own culture' whilst minority and marginalised groups can,
>> and that they want to feel front and centre in their countries of origin
>> again.
>> Look at the writing of Michael Skey at UEA - he writes very powerfully on
>> this subject.
>>
>> Surely the answer is common sense and balance when writing about such
>> subjects?
>> Cheers,
>> Cathy
>>
>> On Sun, 21 Jul 2019 at 22:10, Peter Cave <[log in to unmask]
>> <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>> Dear Yohai
>>
>> Your points are well made. However, to my mind, as an anthropologist who
>> mainly researches Japan, what you say points to the reason why it would be
>> better to stop using the concept of culture altogether, and certainly why
>> it would be better not to make generalisations about 'cultures' in Asia,
>> Africa, Latin America, or anywhere else. One of the spurs for my own
>> abandonment of the concept of 'culture' is precisely that I find it not
>> only unhelpful but deeply misleading when trying to understand the country
>> I know best and grew up in, England. I much prefer more precise terms such
>> as 'practice', 'assumption', 'expectation' etc, which do not entail the
>> idea of a (mythical) whole (which mythical 'whole' inevitably becomes
>> reified and used as a way of including some and excluding others).
>>
>> Peter
>>
>> Peter Cave
>> Senior Lecturer in Japanese Studies
>> SALC, University of Manchester
>> Samuel Alexander Building
>> Oxford Road
>> Manchester M13 9PL
>> United Kingdom
>> Tel: +44 (0)161 275 3195
>> www.manchester.ac.uk/research/peter.cave/<http://www.
>> manchester.ac.uk/research/peter.cave/>
>>
>> ________________________________________
>> From: The Anthropology-Matters forum mailing list [
>> [log in to unmask]<mailto:
>> [log in to unmask]>] on behalf of ana bravo [
>> [log in to unmask]<mailto:
>> [log in to unmask]>]
>> Sent: 21 July 2019 20:14
>> To: [log in to unmask]<mailto:
>> [log in to unmask]>
>> Subject: Re: British cultural code
>>
>> Hi Yohai,
>>
>> In case it helps, the book Bravo-Moreno, A. 2006. "Migration, Gender and
>> National Identity: Spanish Migrant Women in London". Oxford Peter Lang, is
>> based on my PhD thesis which is an ethnography. Some of the chapters are:
>> “NARRATIVES OF ENGLISHNESS AND FOREIGNNESS, WORKING CLASS WOMEN”, and
>> “NARRATIVES OF ENGLISHNESS AND FOREIGNNESS: MIDDLE AND UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
>> WOMEN”. “In exploring national and gender identities the terms
>> "Spanishness" and "Englishness" are utilised. These terms define - for the
>> purposes of this study - what women view as characteristic of Spanish and
>> English societies and ways of life, respectively. This is not to say that
>> there is an essence to the concept of "Spanishness" or "Englishness". The
>> meaning of those concepts is as varied as respondents' perceptions of what
>> identifies each socio-cultural setting” (2006: 16).
>>
>> Best wishes,
>>
>> Ana
>>
>>
>> On Sunday, 21 July 2019, 15:40:23 BST, Cathy Baldwin <
>> [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Try Danny Miller at UCL, I don't know if there is more in the anthropology
>> of material culture in the UK, I would have thought so.
>>
>> On Sun, 21 Jul 2019 at 15:08, Cathy Baldwin <[log in to unmask]
>> <mailto:[log in to unmask]>>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> It's complicated in the UK because there are 4 constituent nations with
>>> their own nationalisms, and strong regional identities, some of which
>>> involve rejecting notions of nationalism as defined by the political
>>> centre, i.e. the UK parliament in London, England. what I found in my PhD
>>> on notions of Britishness among several UK ethnic groups was that white
>>> working class and middle class people in Swindon, SW England, largely
>>> identified with a citizenship based 'British national identity' if they
>>> were on the left of the political spectrum, and would identify as British
>>> over English, but also culturally English or something else....half
>>> Irish/half English, Cumbrian, etc. Folks from this demographic, more on
>> the
>>> right of the political spectrum tended to look at themselves as
>> culturally
>>> English first, and British second or not at all. Many thought there was a
>>> British culture and made many references to their relatives/experiences
>> in
>>> the other nations of the UK, i.e Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland.
>>>
>>> There is some great social science work on UK cultures but largely not
>>> from anthropologists. Look at Michael Skey, a media ethnographer and
>> social
>>> scientist at UEA:
>>> https://www.lboro.ac.uk/subjects/communication-media/staff/michael-skey/
>>>
>>> - Skey, Michael (2017/2011) *National Belonging & Everyday Life*,
>>> Palgrave MacMillan
>>> -
>>> - Skey, Michael (2013) Why do nations matter? *British Journal of
>>> Sociology, *64(1): 81-98
>>> - Skey, Michael & Antonsich, Marco (Eds) (2017) *Everyday Nationhood:
>>> Theorising Belonging, Culture & Identity After Banal Nationalism*,
>>> Palgrave MacMillan
>>>
>>> Many anthropologists of Britain won't play ball, aren't interested, or
>>> are too busy generalising about African, Asian, Pacific and Latin
>> American
>>> cultures. Sad to see that 8 years after my PhD thesis, this is still the
>>> case.
>>>
>>> My PhD: Locating Britishness? Mediating Identity, Ethnicity, Community
>> and
>>> Place in Multi-Ethnic Swindon (2011) was done at the Institute of Social
>>> and Cultural Anthropology, University of Oxford. It had to be examined
>> by 2
>>> sociologists from outside Oxford as there was nobody in anthropology
>>> nationally that was suitable. They were great sociologists.
>>>
>>> Shame that with all these wonderful reflexivity which has long been
>> trendy
>>> in anthro theorising, that many UK anthros don't hold the mirror up to
>>> themselves and their own practices by refusing to acknowledge that their
>>> own have a culture ;-)
>>>
>>> Cathy
>>>
>>> On Sun, 21 Jul 2019 at 14:50, Yohai Hakak <[log in to unmask]<mailto:
>> [log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hello all,
>>>>
>>>> Thanks again for the many responses and helpful suggestions.
>>>>
>>>> My own summary of this email trail is as follows:
>>>>
>>>> 1) Quite a few weren't happy with the intention to explore British
>> culture
>>>> and suggested a more regional perspective, which I agree with. Exploring
>>>> cultural traits in relation Britain was seen as questionable, not a
>>>> serious
>>>> scholarly pursuit.
>>>>
>>>> 2) Many of the ethnographic studies suggested focus on marginal and
>>>> minority groups within the UK (travellers, BME, working class or rural
>>>> communities) and very little exploring white middle class Britain (or
>> any
>>>> of its regions).
>>>>
>>>> 3) From the many references to Kate Fox's Watching the English, which I
>>>> enjoyed reading, I infer that:
>>>>
>>>> a. She's a gifted author and had many satisfied readers
>>>>
>>>> b. There are almost no alternatives
>>>>
>>>> At the same time, it was mentioned in several responses that she's not
>> an
>>>> academic scholar and doesn't have a PhD. Other references suggested -
>>>> which
>>>> I look forward reading - relating to mainstream Britain, are also not
>>>> regarded as 'proper' academic writing. Somehow 'proper' academics don't
>>>> write about the topic.
>>>>
>>>> 4) It is intriguing to see that in an anthropological mailing list where
>>>> studies are regularly shared in which generalisations are made in
>> relation
>>>> to endless numbers of Asian, African and South-American cultures, the
>>>> possibility of applying the cultural lens to British society raises so
>>>> many
>>>> objections or reservations and that the anthropological studies of white
>>>> middle class British culture are so rare and practically don't exist.
>> This
>>>> non existence of white middle class British culture as an object for
>>>> anthropological research renders it invisible.
>>>> During my own anthropological training, I learnt about the Crisis of
>>>> Representation during the 1980s that was followed by a shift to doing
>>>> 'Anthropology at Home' as was also mentioned by Cathy Baldwin, but this
>>>> might relate more to the American anthropological tradition?!
>>>>
>>>> 5) All of this leaves me wondering whether this might be just another
>> case
>>>> of how being invisible serves the interest of the powerful. We all know
>>>> that the assumption that men have no gender, and white people have no
>> race
>>>> is rife among these groups, so maybe it shouldn't be a surprise if a
>>>> similar assumption that white middle class Brits have no particular
>>>> culture
>>>> is also common?
>>>>
>>>> Happy to be corrected.
>>>>
>>>> Best wishes,
>>>> Yohai
>>>>
>>>> *Dr. Yohai Hakak*
>>>> Senior Lecturer In Social Work
>>>>
>>>> Admissions Tutor and Athena Swan SAT Lead
>>>> *T* +44(0)1895 265844 | *E* [log in to unmask]<mailto:
>> [log in to unmask]>
>>>>
>>>> *Brunel University London*
>>>> Inst of Env., Health and Societies (Welfare, Health and Wellbeing theme)
>>>> Department of Clinical
>>>> Sciences
>>>>
>>>> Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
>>>> *T* +44(0)1895 274000
>>>> *www.brunel.ac.uk<http://www.brunel.ac.uk>* <http://www.brunel.ac.uk/>
>>>>
>>>> http://www.brunel.ac.uk/people/yohai-hakak
>>>>
>>>> On Sun, Jul 21, 2019 at 7:18 AM Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov <
>>>> [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>>
>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> a very interesting study that touches on the issue of the history of
>>>>> English manners etc, is actually not in anthropology but in the
>> history
>>>> of
>>>>> science. I highly recommend this:
>>>>>
>>>>> Steven Shapin. A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in
>>>>> Seventeenth-Century England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
>> 1995.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Sat, 20 Jul 2019 at 12:11, Yohai Hakak <[log in to unmask]
>> <mailto:[log in to unmask]>>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hello all,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I am looking for recommendations on literature exploring key
>> British
>>>>>>> cultural characteristics in daily interactions such as:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> - the British understatement
>>>>>>> - the tendency to avoid direct talk or the difficulty in calling a
>>>>> spade 'a
>>>>>>> spade'
>>>>>>> - queuing
>>>>>>> - British manners, for example apologising and saying thank you
>>>>>>> - minimal bodily contact
>>>>>>> - anything else you think is uniquely British and might manifest
>>>> itself
>>>>> in
>>>>>>> every day interactions
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks a lot in advance,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Yohai
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Dr. Yohai Hakak
>>>>>>> Senior Lecturer In Social Work
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Admissions Tutor and Athena Swan SAT Lead
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> T +44(0)1895 265844 |
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> E: [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Inst of Env., Health and Societies
>>>>>>> Department of Clinical Sciences
>>>>>>> Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> http://www.brunel.ac.uk/people/yohai-hakak
>>>>>>>
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>>>>>>
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