medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture

Anthony (d. 1231) belonged to a noble family of Lisbon, whence he is also known as Anthony of Lisbon.  An Augustinian canon at that city's monastery of St. Vincent, he studied in Lisbon and in Coimbra and was ordained priest before transferring in about 1220 to the Franciscans.  Upon entering his new order he took the the saint's name by which he is known (previously he had been called Fernando or something similar).  An exceptionally effective preacher, Anthony was first sent as a missionary to Morocco but soon returned to Europe on account of poor health.  He preached against heresy in Milan and in southern France and in 1227 was appointed provincial for much of northern Italy, with his seat in Padua.  Soon Anthony was also serving as lector for the Franciscans at Bologna.

Worn out by his efforts, Anthony resigned his offices in 1230.  In 1231, shortly before his death at the age of thirty-six, he was preaching to great crowds at Padua.  He was buried initially at his order's little church of the BVM in Padua.  Anthony was canonized in 1232 (the approximate date of his first Vita, BHL 587).  In 1263 he was translated to Padua's then unfinished great church dedicated to him, now known informally as the basilica del Santo.  He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church in 1946.  Today is his _dies natalis_ and his principal feast day in the Roman Catholic Church.


Some period-pertinent images of St. Anthony of Padua:

a) as depicted (at right; at left, St. Francis of Assisi) in the late thirteenth-century Livre d'images de Madame Marie (ca. 1285-1290; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 94v):
http://tinyurl.com/2e9k6b6

b) as depicted (at left, standing) by Giotto di Bondone in a late thirteenth-century fresco of St. Francis' apparition in the chapter house at Arles (ca. 1297-1300) in the upper church of the basilica di San Francesco in Assisi:
http://www.wga.hu/art/g/giotto/assisi/upper/legend/franc18.jpg
Detail view (Anthony of Padua):
http://www.wga.hu/art/g/giotto/assisi/upper/legend/franc181.jpg

c) as depicted in a panel of an earlier fourteenth-century glass window (s II, panel b2; ca. 1311-1331 or slightly later) in the cappella Bardi in the basilica di Santa Croce in Florence:
http://www.icvbc.cnr.it/bivi/eng/schede/Toscana/Firenze/7scroce4.htm
Discussion of the window:
http://www.icvbc.cnr.it/bivi/eng/schede/Toscana/Firenze/7scroce.htm

d) as depicted (at left; at right, St. Francis of Assisi) by Simone Martini in an earlier fourteenth-century fresco (ca. 1318-1320) at the entrance to the cappella di San Martino in the lower church of the basilica di San Francesco in Assisi:
http://www.wga.hu/art/s/simone/3assisi/1saints/saints10.jpg

e) as portrayed by the Master of Rieux in an earlier fourteenth-century limestone statue (commissioned, 1333-1334) in the Musée des Augustins in Toulouse:
http://tinyurl.com/gq79cp4

f) as depicted by Maso di Banco in an earlier fourteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1340) in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York:
http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436982
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/43.98.13/

g) as depicted (at far right) by Paolo Veneziano in a mid-fourteenth-century set of panels (1354; from a dismembered polyptych) in the Musée du Louvre in Paris:
http://www.wga.hu/art/p/paolo/venezian/polyptyx.jpg

h) as depicted (at left in the foreground; at right, St. Francis of Assisi) by Giusto de' Menabuoi in a later fourteenth-century painting (1376) on a tomb cover in the baptistery of Padua (photograph courtesy of Genevra Kornbluth):
http://www.kornbluthphoto.com/images/PaduaBapt_17-18-19.jpg

i) as depicted (at left; at right, St. Stephen protomartyr) in a panel of a later fourteenth-century glass window (s II; ca. 1380; attrib. to Agnolo Gaddi) in the basilica di Santa Croce in Florence:
http://therosewindow.com/pilot/Florence-sta-croce/sII-4.htm
Discussion of the window:
http://www.icvbc.cnr.it/bivi/eng/schede/Toscana/Firenze/5scroce.htm

j) as depicted (at left, with St. John the Baptist and a donor) by Tommaso del Mazza in a late fourteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1386) in the Musée du Petit Palais, Avignon:
http://tinyurl.com/j7hlpxa

k) as depicted (second from left; stilling a storm) in the early fifteenth-century _Belles Heures_ of Jean de France, duc de Berry (ca. 1407; New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters Collection, ms. 1954 [54.1.1], fol. 170r):
http://blog.metmuseum.org/artofillumination/manuscript-pages/folio-170r/
http://blog.metmuseum.org/artofillumination/images/BH_Lg00V_170r.EL.JPG

l) as depicted (at right, flanking St. Louis of Toulouse; at left, St. Francis of Assisi) by Bicci di Lorenzo in an earlier fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1427-1429) in private ownership:
http://www.wga.hu/art/b/bicci/lorenzo/sfrancis.jpg

m) as portrayed (at right, flanking the BVM and Christ Child; at left, St. Francis of Assisi) by Donatello in a mid-fifteenth-century bronze statue (ca. 1448) on the high altar of the basilica del Santo in Padua:
http://www.wga.hu/art/d/donatell/2_mature/padova/2altar01.jpg

n) as depicted (main panel at far left) by Beato Angelico in his Bosco ai Frati altarpiece (ca. 1450) in the Museo nazionale di San Marco in Florence:
http://www.wga.hu/art/a/angelico/12/60bosco.jpg

o) as depicted by Benozzo Gozzoli in a mid-fifteenth-century panel painting (1450s) in Rome's chiesa di Santa Maria in Aracoeli:
http://www.wga.hu/art/g/gozzoli/1early/04anthon.jpg

p) as depicted (at left, flanking the IHS; at right, St. Bernard of Clairvaux) by Andrea Mantegna in a mid-fifteenth-century tympanum fresco (1452) formerly on the central portal of the basilica del Santo in Padua and now in the Museo antoniano di arte sacra there:
http://tinyurl.com/hzrggt8 

q) as depicted (at far left) in a mid- to later fifteenth-century copy of Jean Mansel's _Fleur des histoires_ (ca. 1451-1475; Paris, Bibliothèque Mazarine, ms. 1560, fol. 244r):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht17/IRHT_14079-p.jpg

r) as twice depicted (at left; at right, St. John the Baptist) by Piero della Francesca in his polyptych of St. Anthony (polyptych of Perugia; completed ca. 1470; these paintings perhaps a decade earlier) in the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, Perugia:
1) full-length portrait (at left; at right, St. John the Baptist) in a portion of the altarpiece's central section:
http://www.wga.hu/art/p/piero/1/3anton02.jpg
2)  scene (resurrecting a child) in a panel of the predella:
http://www.wga.hu/art/p/piero/1/3anton08.jpg

s) as depicted (at right, after Sts. Francis of Assisi and Bernardino of Siena) by Domenico di Michelino in a later fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1470) in the Museo diocesano in Cortona:
http://www.wga.hu/art/d/domenico/michelin/3saints.jpg

t) as depicted (at left; at right, St, Francis of Assisi) by Friedrich Pacher in a later fifteenth-century panel painting (1477) in the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest:
http://tinyurl.com/h2ecuz6

u) as depicted (lower register, second from left, flanking the BVM; the others in this register are, from left to right, Sts. Louis of Toulouse, Francis of Assisi, and Barnardino of Siena) by Alvise Vivarini in a late fifteenth-century panel painting (1480) in the Galleria dell'Accademia in Venice:
http://tinyurl.com/hvv57x8 

v) as depicted in the late fifteenth-century additions, probably executed in Rouen, to the Prayer Book of Charles the Bold (ca. 1471 and ca. 1480-1490 [the additions]; Los Angeles, Getty Museum and Library, Ms. 37, fol. 146r):
http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=1955

w) as depicted (left-hand column) by Georges Trubert in the late fifteenth century Diurnal de René II de Lorraine (1492-1493; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 10491, fol. 223v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8427237h/f460.item.zoom

x) as depicted (right margin) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Beloit College copy of Hartmann Schedel's late fifteenth-century _Weltchronik_ (_Nuremberg Chronicle_; 1493) at fol. CCXr:
https://www.beloit.edu/nuremberg/book/6th_age/right_page/113%20(Folio%20CCXr).pdf

y) as depicted (at center; at left, St. Catherine of Alexandria; at right, St. James of the March) by Tuccio d'Andria in a late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century panel painting in the Pinacoteca di Bari "Corrado Giaquinto":
http://tinyurl.com/owby54o

z) as depicted by Raffaello Sanzio in a panel painting, from the predella of his early sixteenth-century Colonna altarpiece (prob. ca. 1502; mostly in the Metropolitan Museum in New York), in the Dulwich Picture Gallery in London:
http://tinyurl.com/jpoave8
https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/saint-anthony-of-padua/UQHuikKdZ8YiLw?hl=en

aa) as depicted (the miracle of the mule) by Jean Bourdichon in the early sixteenth-century Grandes Heures d'Anne de Bretagne (ca. 1503-1508; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 9474, fol. 187v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52500984v/f383.item.zoom

bb) as depicted (the miracle of the mule) in an early sixteenth-century book of hours for the Use of Rome (ca. 1510; Tours, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 2104, fol. 172v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht2/IRHT_051225-p.jpg

cc) as portrayed in relief (second from left; the miracle of the miser's heart) by Tullio Lombardo in an earlier sixteenth-century relief (1520) in the cappella di Sant'Antonio in the basilica del Santo in Padua:
http://tinyurl.com/zau8ore 
http://www.wga.hu/art/l/lombardo/tullio/miracle.jpg

Best,
John Dillon
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