Dear Derek,
Thanks,
You took the words right out of my mouth (although I kept some mushrooms, carrot, fennel, onion, garlic, truffled olive oil and one poached egg, salt, pepper and thyme)
warm regards,
Eduardo
> No dia 10/01/2016, às 14:38, derek hales <[log in to unmask]> escreveu:
>
> the following 'working paper' might also be of interest to this thread.
> https://www.herts.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/12405/WPD_vol4_cortereal.pdf
>
> derek
>
> @dxhales
>
> On 10 January 2016 at 05:06, Ken Friedman <[log in to unmask]>
> wrote:
>
>> Dear Eduardo and All,
>>
>> Should you are anyone else with to examine the history, etymology, and
>> varying definitions of the word design, I repost a note I wrote to this
>> list on December 4, 2012. I observe that this post also involved the
>> on-going argument in which you attempt to limit the meaning of word design
>> according to personal preference rather than linguistic evidence.
>>
>> Because some of my covering commentary is relevant to the recent
>> discussion, I leave the full post intact. In addition, I provide
>> definitions and etymology from several sources, including Merriam-Webster’s
>> Dictionary (via Britannica Online), the Oxford English Dictionary, the 1913
>> edition of Webster’s from the ARTFL Project, Wordsmyth, Encarta, Webster’s
>> Third Unabridged, and some books in Oxford Reference Online.
>>
>> Yours,
>>
>> Ken
>>
>> Ken Friedman, PhD, DSc (hc), FDRS | Editor-in-Chief | 设计 She Ji. The
>> Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation | Published by Tongji
>> University in Cooperation with Elsevier | URL:
>> http://www.journals.elsevier.com/she-ji-the-journal-of-design-economics-and-innovation/
>>
>> Chair Professor of Design Innovation Studies | College of Design and
>> Innovation | Tongji University | Shanghai, China ||| University
>> Distinguished Professor | Centre for Design Innovation | Swinburne
>> University of Technology | Melbourne, Australia
>>
>> --
>>
>> Dear All,
>>
>> During the thread on maxims, there has been a subsidiary thread on the
>> etymology and original meanings of word “design” in different languages.
>>
>> This is a slightly misleading question. Any word that moves into a new
>> language from words in older languages has a history. That history entails
>> an etymology that carries with it some traces of the meanings that words
>> once had in those languages.
>>
>> When the word enters a new language, however, these are different words
>> with different meanings, and they are embedded in a culture of different
>> practices and understandings. The English word “design” began as an English
>> word – the meanings of this word are embedded in the evolving culture of
>> the English language in the same way that the meanings of such words as
>> disegno or designare are embedded in the cultures and languages from which
>> they came.
>>
>> The first recorded use of the English word design dates to 1548. The word
>> was used first as a verb. When Henry Wotton used the word more than half a
>> century later, two things happened. First, he brought to his usage an
>> inflection from the word “disegno” that he took on during his Italian
>> travels. Second, he introduced to the English language a new flavor of the
>> word design based on this inflection. As Eduardo noted, the English word
>> design did not encompass both the sense of graphical representation and the
>> sense of idea.
>>
>> The English language of the 16th and 17th century was still quite fluid.
>> English had emerged from Middle English into Early Modern English, but the
>> language was still in transition. Words could take on new meanings with
>> reasonable ease – and words were still being born. Shakespeare lived and
>> worked at roughly the same time as Wotton. He made creative contributions
>> to the vocabulary of modern English by his way of using what I call “verbed
>> nouns” and “nouned verbs,” and by coining many hundreds of the words and
>> usages that are standard modern English today. Wotton’s usage and others
>> since create part of the tone of design in its current use.
>>
>> But the word “design” has a history and a heritage in English as distinct
>> from the cargo of tone and inflection it has taken since its first recorded
>> use in 1548.
>>
>> In English, design began as a verb to describe a process of thought and
>> planning. This verb takes precedence over all other meanings. The word
>> “design” had a place in the English language by the 1500s. The first
>> written citation of the verb “design” dates from the year 1548.
>> Merriam-Webster (1993: 343) defines the verb design as “to conceive and
>> plan out in the mind; to have as a specific purpose; to devise for a
>> specific function or end.” Related to these is the act of drawing, with an
>> emphasis on the nature of the drawing as a plan or map, as well as “to draw
>> plans for; to create, fashion, execute or construct according to plan.”
>>
>> Half a century later, the word began to be used as a noun. The first cited
>> use of the noun“design” occurs in 1588. Merriam-Webster (1993: 343) defines
>> the noun, as “a particular purpose held in view by an individual or group;
>> deliberate, purposive planning; a mental project or scheme in which means
>> to an end arelaid down.” Here, too, purpose and planning toward desired
>> outcomes are central. Among these are “a preliminary sketch or outline
>> showing the main features of something to be executed; an underlying scheme
>> that governs functioning, developing or unfolding; a plan or protocol for
>> carrying out or accomplishing something; the arrangement of elements or
>> details in a product or work of art.” Only at the very end do we find “a
>> decorative pattern.” The definitions end with a noun describing a process:
>> “the creative art of executing aesthetic or functional designs.”
>>
>> To allow anyone who wishes to study a good selection of sources, this post
>> is followed by definitions of the word design from Merriam-Webster’s
>> Dictionary (via Britannica Online), the Oxford English Dictionary, the 1913
>> edition of Webster’s from the ARTFL Project, Wordsmyth, Encarta, Webster’s
>> Third Unabridged, and some books in Oxford Reference Online.
>>
>> Even though I harvested this material a decade back, there have been
>> relatively few changes in history, etymology, or meaning in the past ten
>> years. There may be new exemplars from emerging design fields. Only when
>> exemplars reflect a change in meaning do they enter the dictionary.
>> Exemplars in new fields that reflect existing meanings may be entered in a
>> lexicographic database, but they will not usually be added to a dictionary.
>>
>> These definitions contain etymology and trace the development and meaning
>> of the word through senses in different languages as well as in English.
>>
>> The appended definitions run to nearly 8,000 words, reflecting the
>> development and history of the word “design.”
>>
>> Before closing and leaving you to the sources, I suggest caution with
>> etymology and especially with essays that purport to develop etymological
>> scholarship. There are many opinions on word origins. Many opinions are
>> incorrect, with myth, folk tales, and mistaken readings as their source.
>>
>> Dozens of essays on the supposed original meaning of the word design have
>> this kind of plausible but inaccurate standing. These essays shed light on
>> what authors think about the words they use, but they do not shed light on
>> the etymology or origins of the word design.
>>
>> Villem Flusser’s (1995) essay neglects key etymological concepts and
>> shifts. As a result, his interpretation is intriguing but eccentric. As a
>> journalist and philosopher, this is Flusser’s privilege. Scholars must be
>> more cautious.
>>
>> Kostas Terzidis has the advantage of speaking Greek, but he is not a
>> scholar of language. His field is architecture, and his background is
>> engineering design. Terzidis is an interesting thinker, and his ability to
>> play with words opens a fruitful path to ideas. This is quite different to
>> etymology.
>>
>> There is not one responsible source for etymology or linguistics in either
>> of these essays. Both represent a kind of folk etymology based on memory,
>> opinion, and invention.
>>
>> Flusser’s view of the word design is an interesting philosophical
>> excursion. As etymology, however, it is inadequate. Flusser shows his use
>> of words, but he shows no sources, no path of descent, and no exemplars.
>> This is a kind of folk etymology raised to the level of interesting
>> reflection by Villem Flusser’s genius.
>>
>> Many etymological mistakes arise from the fact that similar or seemingly
>> similar words have no etymological relationship one to the other. They may
>> resemble one another as homonyms share spelling or pronunciation while
>> being different in meaning and in etymology. Despite the resemblance, they
>> are different words. This is the case when amateur etymologists draw on
>> superficially similar words.
>>
>> Robust etymology requires good sources and exemplars. The Oxford English
>> Dictionary is a good place to start. To go deeper, one must seek out an
>> etymologist or a source based on serious etymology rather than on myth and
>> invention.
>>
>> Yours,
>>
>> Ken
>>
>> Professor Ken Friedman, PhD, DSc (hc), FDRS | University Distinguished
>> Professor | Swinburne University of Technology | Melbourne, Australia |
>> —
>>
>> References
>>
>> Flusser, Villem. 1995. “On the Word Design: An Etymological Essay.” Design
>> Issues, Vol. 11 , No. 3, Autumn 1995, pp. 50-53.
>>
>> Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1993. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Tenth
>> edition. Springfield, Massachusetts.
>>
>> Terzidis, Kostas. 2007. “The Etymology of Design: Pre-Socratic
>> Perspective.” Design Issues: Vol. 23, No. 4, Autumn 2007, pp. 69-78.
>>
>> --
>>
>> Headword Design
>>
>> --
>>
>> def design: de·sign verb Etymology: Middle English, to outline, indicate,
>> mean, from Middle French & Medieval Latin; Middle French designer to
>> designate, from Medieval Latin designare, from Latin, to mark out, from de-
>> + signare to mark -- more at SIGN Date: 14th century transitive senses 1 :
>> to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan : DEVISE,
>> CONTRIVE 2 a : to conceive and plan out in the mind <he designed the
>> perfect crime> b : to have as a purpose : INTEND <she designed to excel in
>> her studies> c : to devise for a specific function or end <a book designed
>> primarily as a college textbook> 3 archaic : to indicate with a distinctive
>> mark, sign, or name 4 a : to make a drawing, pattern, or sketch of b : to
>> draw the plans for intransitive senses 1 : to conceive or execute a plan 2
>> : to draw, lay out, or prepare a design - de·sign·ed·ly /-’zI-n&d-lE/ adverb
>>
>> design noun Date: 1588 1 a : a particular purpose held in view by an
>> individual or group <he has ambitious designs for his son> b : deliberate
>> purposive planning <more by accident than design> 2 : a mental project or
>> scheme in which means to an end are laid down 3 a : a deliberate undercover
>> project or scheme : PLOT b plural : aggressive or evil intent -- used with
>> on or against <he has designs on the money> 4 : a preliminary sketch or
>> outline showing the main features of something to be executed : DELINEATION
>> 5 a : an underlying scheme that governs functioning, developing, or
>> unfolding : PATTERN, MOTIF <thegeneral design of the epic> b : a plan or
>> protocol for carrying out or accomplishing something (as a scientific
>> experiment); also : the process of preparing this 6 : the arrangement of
>> elements or details in a product or work of art 7 : a decorative pattern 8
>> : the creative art of executing aesthetic or functional designs synonym see
>> INTENTION, PLAN (Britannica Webster’s 1999: unpaged).
>>
>> Britannica Webster’s. 1999. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
>> Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Online edition. Chicago:
>> Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. URL:
>>
>> http://www.britannica.com/
>>
>> Date accessed: 1999 April 19.
>>
>> --
>>
>> def design verb [a. F. désigner (16th c. in Rabelais, in 14th c. desinner
>> Godef. Suppl.) ‘to denote, signifie, or shew by a marke or token, to
>> designe, prescribe, appoint’ (Cotgr.), ad. L. dsignre, dissignre to mark
>> out, trace out, denote, DESIGNATE, appoint, contrive, etc., f. DE- I. 2 and
>> DIS- + signre to mark, signum mark, SIGN. Cf. Pr. designar, desegnar, Sp.,
>> Pg. designar, It. disegnare (in 16th c. also dissegnare, designare,
>> Florio). In It. the vb. hadin 16th c. the senses ‘to designe, contriue,
>> plot, purpose, intend; also to draw, paint, embroither, modle, pourtray’
>> (Florio); thence obs. F. desseigner ‘to designe, purpose, proiect, lay a
>> plot’ (Cotgr.), and mod.F. dessiner, in 16th c. designer, 17th c.
>> dessigner, to design in the artistic sense. In Eng., design combines all
>> these senses.] I. [after L. dsignre, F. désigner] To mark out, nominate,
>> appoint, DESIGNATE. 1. trans. To point out by distinctive sign, mark, or
>> token; to indicate. Also with forth, out. Obs. 1593 SHAKES. Rich. II, I. i.
>> 203 We shall see Iustice designe the Victors Chiualrie. 1594 SPENSER
>> Amoretti lxxiv, Most happy letters!..With which that happy name was first
>> desynd. 1610 DONNE Pseudo Martyr 313 The Sunne, which designes priesthod,
>> is so much bigger then the Moon. 1614 SELDEN Titles Hon. 117 The
>> Forme..being vsuall..with such Substantiues to designe out the subiect
>> denominated of the Adiectiue. 1641 T. WARMSTRY Blind Guide Forsaken 37
>> Designing forth unto us the place whither hee is ascended. 1668 SEDLEY
>> Mulb. Gard. I. ii, Those Cravats that design the Right Honourable. absol.
>> 1606 WARNER Alb. Eng.XIV. lxxxviii. (1612) 360 Euen so As had their Oracles
>> of them dissigned long ago. 2. To point out by name or by descriptive
>> phrase; in Law, to specify (a person) by title, profession, trade, etc.; to
>> designate, name, style. Sometimes with double obj.(direct and
>> complemental). arch. 1603-21 KNOLLES Hist. Turks 1311 Willing the Turks to
>> designe the partie which had thrown the stone. 1614 RALEIGH Hist. World II.
>> IV. iii. §1. 178 He left his Kingdom to the worthiest, as designing
>> Perdiccas. 1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. II. 393 Voltaire..in designing Geneva,
>> called it la petite République voisine de ses terres. 1814 SOUTHEY Roderick
>> XVIII, The plains Burgensian..ere long To be design’d Castille. 1874 Act
>> 37-8 Vict. c. 94 §38 The writer..is not named or designed. 3. Of names,
>> signs, etc.: To signify, stand for. 1627 HAKEWILL Apol. (1630) Bbbiijb, The
>> numerall..then designeth so many hundred thousand. a1631 DONNE Serm. (1839)
>> IV. cvii. 466 A few lines of ciphers will design..that number. 1642 JER.
>> TAYLOR Episc. (1647) 138 Names which did designe temporary offices. 4. To
>> appoint to office, function, or position; to designate, nominate. Const. as
>> in 2. Obs. 1596 BELL Surv. Popery III. xii. 509 The priest was designed
>> ouer the penitents in euerie church. 1607TOPSELL Four-f. Beasts (1658) 127
>> A perpetuall and unquenchable fire, for the watching whereof, were Dogs
>> designed. 1611 SPEED Hist. Gt. Brit. IX. xvi. (1632) 862 Where Election
>> designeth the Successor. a1649 DRUMMOND OF HAWTHORNDEN Jas. V Wks. (1711)
>> 113 The commission..in which he is designed lieutenant. 1668 DAVENANT Man’s
>> the Master V. i, When you design’d your man to court her in your shape.
>> 1701 ROWE Ambit. Step-Moth. II. i. 555Great, just and merciful, such as
>> Mankind..would have design’d a King. 5. To appoint or assign (something to
>> a person); to make over, bestow, grant, give. Const. to or dat. Obs. exc.
>> in Sc. Law. 1572 Sc. Acts Jas. VI(1597) §48 They haue appoynted, marked,
>> and designed the said manse, with foure acres..to the vse of the
>> Minister..that sall..minister at the said kirk. 1592 DAVIES Immort. Soul
>> xxxiii. (R.), Three kinds of life to her designed be. 1608 J. KING Serm.
>> St. Mary’s 8 Afterwardes when Michal was designed to him [David]. 1650-60
>> TATHAM Wks. (1879) 169 He is the challenged and justly may Design the way
>> of fighting. 1651 Fuller’s Abel Rediv., Musculus 257 Designing unto
>> Musculus one of the principallest Churches. 1681 GLANVILL Sadducismus II.
>> 296 The Spirit’s name which he designed her was Locas. 1784 COWPER Task VI.
>> 580 Nature..when she form’d, designed them an abode. 1864 Daily Review 14
>> Nov., The minister of Dalgety in 1862..stating..that in terms of the Act
>> 1663, chapter 21, he was entitled to have grass designed to him for the
>> support of a horse..and praying the Presbytery to make the necessary
>> designation accordingly. 6. Hence, with mixture of II, and ultimately
>> fusing with 10: To set apart in thought for the use or advantage of some
>> one; to intend to bestow or give. Const. for, to, on. 1664 DRYDEN Rival
>> Ladies Ded., This worthless Present was design’d you, long before it was a
>> Play. 1666 Ann. Mirab. lx, Their mounting shot is on our sails designed:
>> Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. 1673 Essex Papers (Camden) I.
>> 153 Trear. designes the place to Orrery, but I am confident it will never
>> be. 1701 Pennsylv. Archives I. 142, I fully design’d you a visit. 1725 DE
>> FOE Voy. round World (1840) 245 What present I had designed for her. 1833
>> H. MARTINEAU Brooke Farm ii. 22 Hearing what favours were designed for his
>> boy. 1861 M. PATTISON Ess. (1889) I. 30 These fragments are designed for
>> the German, rather than the English reader. 7. To appoint, destine, devote
>> (a thing or person) to a fate or purpose. Now merged in 10. 1593 NASHE
>> Christ’s T. 23a, Because I am Christ the iust, therfore you will designe me
>> to the Crosse vniustly. 1623 MASSINGER Bondman IV. ii, This well-built
>> city, not long since designed To spoil and rapine. 1662 GERBIER Princ. 15
>> The Duke..designed in his Will ten Thousand Gilders..to..alter what he had
>> Built amisse. 1691 RAY Creation (1714) 174 Neither yet need those who are
>> designed to Divinity itself fear to lookinto these studies. [1747 Col. Rec.
>> Pennsylv. V. 139 The Goods design’d as a Present to the Indians.] II.
>> [allied to DESIGN n. I, obs. F. desseigner] To plan, purpose, intend. 8. To
>> form a plan or scheme of; to conceive and arrange in the mind; to originate
>> mentally, plan out, contrive. 1548 HALL Chron. 215 When all thing was redy,
>> according as he desyned. 1594 CAREW Huarte’s Exam. Wits (1616) 218 The
>> matters which they disseigne and worke with much wisdome. 1647 CLARENDON
>> Hist. Reb. v. (1702) I. 430 That he should begin his Journey..so unfit for
>> Travel..if his going away was design’d the day before. 1682 BUNYAN Holy War
>> (Cassell) 250 If the enemy..should design and plot our ruin. 1795 SOUTHEY
>> Vis. Maid of Orleans I. 170 Eternal Wisdom deals Or peace to man, or
>> misery, for his good Alike design’d. 1812 S. ROGERS Columbus VII. 46 He can
>> suspend the laws himself designed. 9. In weaker sense: To purpose, intend,
>> mean. Rarely, to be designed (obs.), like to be purposed, resolved,
>> determined, minded, etc. 1660 R.COKE Justice Vind. Ep. Ded. 5, I designe no
>> more than to demonstrate that [etc.]. 1701 DE FOE True-born Eng. 34 And yet
>> he really designs no wrong. 1830 D’ISRAELI Chas. I, III. vi. 82 [Charles]
>> designed inviting great artists to England. b. with inf. phr. 1655-60
>> STANLEY Hist. Philos. (1701) 106/2 Great Queens, if you are design’d to
>> speak to Mortals, Make me acquainted with your rumbling voice. 1678 BUTLER
>> Hud. III. i. 1386 How does the Devil know What ‘twas that I design’d to do?
>> 1724 DE FOE Mem. Cavalier (1840) 162, I design to go with you. 1874 J. T.
>> MICKLETHWAITE Mod. Par. Churches 224 Those objects which we design to
>> bequeath to posterity. c. with subord. clause as obj. a1704 T. BROWN
>> Declam. Praise Wealth Argum., A proclamation, that she design’d her smiles
>> should no more fall on the unworthy. 1715 DE FOE Fam. Instruct. I. vii.
>> (1841) I. 125, I did not design you should have heard. 10. With complement
>> (a) inf. or n., (b) prep. phr.: To purpose or intend (a thing) to be or do
>> (something); to mean (a thing) to serve some purpose or fulfil some plan.
>> a. 1703 MOXON Mech. Exerc. 137 So far as you design the Balcony to project.
>> 1713 ADDISON Cato I. iv, Other creatures, Than what our nature and the Gods
>> design’d us. 1733 LD. ORRERY in Duncombe’s Lett. (1773) II. 35 The
>> wood-walk, which I designed a labyrinth, is almost finished. 1779 COWPER
>> Lett. 21 Sept., I have glazed the two frames, designed to receive my pine
>> plants. 1802 M. EDGEWORTH Moral T. (1816) I. xiv. 116 Withone..kick,
>> designed to express his contempt. 1860 HOOK Lives Abps.(1869) I. i. 18 The
>> emperors designed it to be a general council. b. a1700 DRYDEN (J.), You are
>> not for obscurity designed, But, like the sun, must cheer all human kind.
>> 1746 in Leisure Hour (1880) 23 A pewter teapot, but I believe it was
>> designed for silver. 1756 BURKE Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. 1808 I. 67 Ask of
>> politicians the end for which laws were originally designed; and they will
>> answer, that the laws were designed as a protection for the poor and weak.
>> 1766 GOLDSM. Vic. W. xxi, The morning I designed for our departure. 1882 J.
>> H. BLUNT Ref. Ch. Eng. II. 21 The palace which Somerset designed for this
>> splendid site. 11. intr. To have purposes or intentions (of a specified
>> kind). rare. 1749 FIELDING Tom Jones XIV. vii, To persuade the mother..that
>> you designed honourably. 12. trans. To have in view, contemplate. 1677 HALE
>> Prim. Orig. Man. I. i. 18 Before he come to the Subject it self which he
>> designes. 1784 COWPER Task III. 11 So I, designing other themes, and call’d
>> T’ adorn the Sofa with eulogium. 1877 W. BRUCE Comm. Revelation 87 Tell him
>> that his natural Enemies are not designed in the promise. 13. intr. and
>> quasi-pass. (usually with for): To intend to go or start; to be bound for
>> (a place). 1644 EVELYN Mem. (1857) I. 75 Within sight of Tours where we
>> were designed for the rest of the time. 1684 LADY RUSSELL Lett. I. xv. 42
>> The question..when I design for Stratton. 1688 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser.
>> II. IV. 141 They design to Bristol, but will take Exeter..in the way. 1691
>> T. H[ALE] Acc. New Invent. 21 Ships..designed on long Voyages. 1712 E.
>> COOKE Voy. S. Sea 360 From Guam we design for Batavia. 1819 R. CHAPMAN Life
>> Jas. V 129 This convinced them all that the king designed for France. 1823
>> SCOTT Quentin D. viii, On the succeeding day we were designed for Amboise.
>> 1845 CARLYLE Cromwell (1871) II. 133 The new Lord Lieutenant had at first
>> designed for Munster. b. transf. To intend to start upon a certain course;
>> to mean to enter upon a pursuit. 1694 GIBSON in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 225
>> And if he designs for Law, ‘tis high time to begin. III. [allied to DESIGN
>> n. II, It. disegnare, F. dessiner] To sketch, delineate, draw; to fashion
>> artistically. 14. trans. a. To make a sketch of (an object or scene); to
>> sketch, draw. Obs. b. To trace the outline of, delineate. (DESIGNMENT,
>> implying the vb. in this sense, is quoted of 1570.) 1635 COWLEY Davideis I.
>> 747 The Prophet Gad in learned Dust designs Th’ immortal solid Rules of
>> fancy’d Lines. 1638 JUNIUS Painting of Ancients 290 Agood invention well
>> designed and seasonably coloured. 1644 EVELYN Diary (1871) 69 The prospect
>> was so tempting that I designed it with my crayon. 1699 LISTER Journ. Paris
>> 53 In the Flore..they have designed..an Universal Map. 1782 MANN in Lett.
>> Lit. Men (Camden) 421 Designing, painting..and describingevery Fish. 1879
>> STEVENSON Trav. Cevennes 211 The monstrous ribs and gullies of the mountain
>> were faintly designed in the moonshine. c. To make the preliminary sketch
>> of (a work of art, a picture, statue, ornamental fabric, etc.); to make the
>> plans and drawings necessary for the construction of (a building, ship,
>> machine, etc.), which the workmen have to follow out. 1697 EVELYN Numism.
>> vii. 240 Mons. Morelli, who both Designets [? designes] and Ingraves the
>> Medals. a1700 DRYDEN (J.), The prince designs The new elected seat, and
>> draws the lines. 1743 Peterhouse College Order in Willis & Clark Cambridge
>> (1886) I. 37 In Consideration of his Designing..the new Building. 1893
>> Weekly Notes 89/1 To design and superintend the construction of the docks
>> in question. 15. To plan and execute (a structure, work of art, etc.); to
>> fashion with artistic skill ordecorative device; to furnish or adorn with a
>> design. 1666 DRYDEN Ann. Mirab. clii, The weaver, charmed with what his
>> loom designed. 1697 Virg. Past. v. 102 Behold, four hallow’d Altars we
>> design. 1703 STEELE Tend. Husb. III. ii, However my Face is very prettily
>> design’d today. 1853 KINGSLEY Hypatia v, Did Christians..design its statues
>> and its frescoes? 1865 J. FERGUSSON Hist. Archit. I. I. IV. v. 346 The
>> Roman bridges were designed on the same grand scale as their aqueducts.
>> 1874 GREEN Short Hist. i. §6. 52 A lady summons him..to design a robe which
>> she is embroidering. 16. intr. a. To trace the outline of a figure or form;
>> to put a graphic representation on paper, canvas, etc.; to draw, sketch. b.
>> To form or fashion a work of art; in a narrower sense, to form decorative
>> figures, devise artistic patterns. 1662 EVELYN Chalcogr. 128 Unless he that
>> Copies, Design perfectly himself. 1665 SIR T. HERBERT Trav. (1677) 149 One
>> he knew could both design and copy well. 1854 RUSKIN Two Paths i. (1858) 44
>> A painter designs when he chooses some things, refuses others, and arranges
>> all. 1885 H. V. BARNETT in Mag. of Art Sept. 454/1 She..began to design and
>> to paint with delicacy, taste, and truth. (OED Online 2002: unpaged).
>>
>> OED. 2002. OED Online. Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. J. A. Simpson and E.
>> S. C. Weiner. 2nd ed, 1989. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Oxford University
>> Press. URL:
>>
>> http://dictionary.oed.com/
>>
>> Date accessed: 2002 January 18.
>>
>> —
>>
>> Def design noun [In 16th c. des(s)eigne, a. 15-16th c. F. desseing (in
>> 16th c. also dessing, desing) ‘designe, purpose, proiect, priuat intention
>> or determination’ (Cotgr.), f. desseigner to DESIGN. In 16th c. It.
>> disegno(also dissegno, designo) had the senses ‘purpose, designe, draught;
>> model, plot, picture, pourtrait’ (Florio). Hence the artistic sense was
>> taken into Fr., and gradually differentiated in spelling, so that in mod.F.
>> dessein is ‘purpose, plan’, dessin ‘design in art’. Eng. on the contrary
>> uses design, conformed to the verb, in both senses.] I. A mental plan. 1.
>> a. A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and intended for subsequent
>> execution; the preliminary conception of an idea that is to be carried into
>> effect by action; a project. 1593 HOOKER Eccl. Pol. I. xv. §4 (Spencer’s
>> ed. 1611 p. 46) What the lawe of God hath, either for or against our
>> disseignes. 1596 SPENSER F.Q. V. viii. 25 By counterfet disguise To their
>> deseigne to make the easier way. 1625 PURCHAS Pilgrims II. 1293 The Emperor
>> vndertaketh no high design without his approvement. 1738 WESLEY Psalms ii.
>> 1 Why do the Jews and Gentiles join To execute a vain Design? a1843 SOUTHEY
>> Inscriptions xli, What inexhaustive springs of public wealth The vast
>> design required. 1848 MACAULAY Hist. Eng. I. 534 Grey..had concurred in the
>> design of insurrection. b. ‘A scheme formed to the detriment of another’
>> (J.); a plan or purpose of attack upon or on. a1704 LOCKE (J.), A sedate,
>> settled design upon another man’s life. 1704 CIBBER Careless Husb. II. i,
>> To be in love, now, is only to have a design upon a woman, a modish way of
>> declaring war against her virtue. 1848 MACAULAY Hist. Eng. I. 598 It was
>> thought necessary to relinquish the design on Bristol. 1858 LYTTON What
>> Will he do? I. i, He had no design on your pocket. 2. a. In weaker sense:
>> Purpose, aim, intention. 1588 SHAKES. L.L.L. IV. i. 88 [Armado writes]
>> Thine in the dearest designe of industrie. Ibid. V. i. 105. 1594 Rich. III,
>> I. ii. 211 That it may please you leaue these sad designes To him that hath
>> most cause to be a Mourner. 1659 B. HARRIS Parival’s Iron Age 108 They who
>> ask relief, have one designe: and he who gives it, another. 1697 DRYDEN
>> Virg. Past. VI. 37 He..demands On what design the Boys had bound his hands.
>> 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 344 With design to besiege it. 1736
>> BUTLER Anal. I. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 50 The design of this chapter is to
>> inquire, how far this is the case. 1792 B. Munchhausen’s Trav. xxx. 135
>> They extended an elephant’s hide, tanned and prepared for the design,
>> across the summit of the tower. 1866 G. MACDONALD Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxiii.
>> (1878) 564 My design had been to go at once to London. b. = Intention to
>> go. (Cf. DESIGN v.13.) 1725 DE FOE New Voy. (1840) 57 My design was to the
>> north part of the island. c. phr. by (out of, on, upon) design: on purpose,
>> purposely, intentionally. 1628 HOBBES Thucyd. (1822) 65 The man being upon
>> design gone..into Sanctuary. 1650 FULLER Pisgah II. xii. 261 On design to
>> extirpate all the smiths in Israel. 1665 MANLEY Grotius’ Low C. Warres 141
>> Either out ofDesign, or Simplicity. a1715 BURNET Own Time (1766) I. 4, I
>> have, on design, avoided all laboured periods. 1867 FREEMAN Norm. Conq.
>> (1876) I. App. 628 William, whether by accident or by design, was not
>> admitted. 3. The thing aimed at; the end in view; the final purpose. [1605
>> SHAKES. Macb. II. i. 55 Wither’d Murther..towards his designe Moues like a
>> Ghost.] 1657 CROMWELL in Four C. Eng. Lett. 86 We desire..that the design
>> be Dunkirk rather than Grauelines. 1697 DRYDEN Virg. Georg. III. 604 If
>> Milk be thy Design; with plenteous Hand Bring Clover-grass. 1711 LADY M. W.
>> MONTAGU Lett. to W. Montagu 24 Mar., Happiness is the natural design of all
>> the world. 1833 CHALMERS Const. Man (1835) I. iv. 187 Virtue was the design
>> of our Creation. 4. Contrivance in accordance with a preconceived plan;
>> adaptation of means to ends; pre-arranged purpose; spec.used in reference
>> to the view that the universe manifests Divine forethought and testifies to
>> an intelligent Creator (the argument from design). 1665 MANLEY Grotius’ Low
>> C. Warres 141 Either out of Design, or Simplicity. 1736 [see DESIGNER 1].
>> 1802 PALEY Nat. Theol. ii. §3 The argument from design remains as it was.
>> Ibid. ii. §4 The machine, which we are inspecting, demonstrates, by its
>> construction, contrivance and design. 1831 BREWSTER Newton (1855) I. xiii.
>> 359 The arrangements, therefore, upon which the stability of the system
>> depends, must have been the result of design. 1855 TENNYSON Maud II. II. i,
>> What a lovely shell..With delicate spire and whorl, How exquisitely minute,
>> A miracle of design! 1883 HICKS (title), Critique of Design-Arguments. 5.
>> In a bad sense: Crafty contrivance, hypocritical scheming; an instance of
>> this. Cf. DESIGNING ppl. a. 2. arch. a1704 T. BROWN Praise of Poverty Wks.
>> 1730 I. 94 Honesty (they think) design, and design honesty. 1719 DE FOE
>> Crusoe I. xiv. (1858) 219 A..faithful..servant..without passions,
>> sullenness, or designs. 1738 WESLEY Hymns, ‘Almighty Maker, God!’ vi, Thy
>> Glories I abate, Or praise Thee with Design. 1796 BP. WATSON Apol. Bible
>> 276 If this mistake proceeds from design you are still less fit. 1871 B.
>> TAYLOR Faust (1875) I. v. 99 ‘Twas all deceit and lying, false design. II.
>> A plan in art. 6. A preliminary sketch for a picture or other work of art;
>> the plan of a building or any part of it, or the outline of a piece of
>> decorative work, after which the actualstructure or texture is to be
>> completed; a delineation, pattern. 1638 JUNIUS Painting of Ancients 270
>> What beauty and force there is in a good and proportionable designe. 1645
>> N. STONE Enchirid. Fortif. 78 Profile, An Italian word for that designe
>> that showes the side..of any work. 1703 MOXON Mech. Exerc. 252 ‘Tis
>> usual..for any person before he begins to Erect a Building, to have Designs
>> or Draughts drawn upon Paper..in which Designs..each Floor or Story is
>> delineated. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. §278 The necessary designs for the
>> iron rails of the balcony. 1821 W. M. CRAIG Drawing, Painting, etc. lect.
>> I. 29 That these itinerant workmen had a certain set of designs, or rather
>> patterns, handed down from generation to generation. Mod. The
>> Committeeappointed to report on the designs sent in for the new Corn
>> Exchange. 7. a. The combination of artistic details or architectural
>> features which go to make up a picture, statue, building, etc.; the
>> artistic idea as executed; a piece of decorative work, an artistic device.
>> 1644 EVELYN Mem. (1857) I. 73, I was particularlydesirous of seeing this
>> palace, from the extravagance of the design. 1670 SIR S. CROW in 12th Rep.
>> Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 15 Their ordnary designes [in tapestry]..beeing
>> deformed and mishapen. 1797 MRS. RADCLIFFE Italian Prol. (1826) 3
>> Simplicity and grandeur of design. 1851 D. WILSON Preh. Ann. (1863) II.
>> III. v. 133 A silver bracelet of rare and most artistic design. 1863 GEO.
>> ELIOT Romola II. vii, To admire the designs on the enamelled silver
>> centres. 1884 Times (weekly ed.) 26 Sept. 4/1 It is the design that sells
>> thecloth. b. transf. of literary work in this and prec. sense. 1875 EMERSON
>> Lett. & Soc. Aims, Poet. & Imag. Wks. (Bohn) III. 153 Great design belongs
>> to a poem, and is better than any skill of execution,but howrare! 1879 B.
>> TAYLOR Stud. Germ. Lit. 262 His design is evidently greater than his power
>> of execution. 8. The art of picturesque delineation and construction;
>> original work in a graphic or plastic art. arts of design: those in which
>> design plays a principal part, such as painting, sculpture, architecture,
>> engraving. school of design: a school in which the arts of design are
>> specially taught. 1638 JUNIUS Painting of Ancients 271 [From] Designe and
>> Proportion..we should proceed to Colour. 1735 BERKELEY Querist §68 The art
>> of design, and its influence in most trades or manufactures. 1850 J. LEITCH
>> Müller’s Anc. Art §25. 9 Design or the graphic art..produces by means of
>> light and shade the appearance of bodies on a surface. 1854 RUSKIN Two
>> Paths i. (1858) 44 Design, properly so called, is human invention,
>> consulting human capacity. 9. attrib. and Comb., as design book,
>> consultant, engineer; design-conscious a. (see CONSCIOUS a. 12). 1936
>> Burlington Mag. Nov. 235/2 The silversmiths appear to have had in their
>> minds the forms depicted in Germandesign-books. -- 1955 H. READ Grass Roots
>> of Art (rev. ed.) vii. 137 The buying public..was becoming
>> design-conscious. 1960 Guardian 30 Sept. 10/2 Plagiarism..is a rare
>> headache to the design-conscious Scandinavian nations. -- 1954 H. READ
>> Anarchy & Order 226 The attempt of certain artists to adapt themselves to
>> the modern industrial system by calling themselves ‘design consultants’ has
>> had no appreciable effect on the cultural situation. 1970 J. QUARTERMAIN
>> Man who walked on Diamonds iv. 23 It was a design consultant’s idea of
>> hell. -- 1964 F. L. WESTWATER Electronic Computers iii. 49 Not
>> infrequently, a design engineer will ask the logical designer to make
>> alterations for various reasons. -- (OED Online 2002: unpaged).
>>
>> OED. 2002. OED Online. Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. J. A. Simpson and E.
>> S. C. Weiner. 2nd ed, 1989. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Oxford University
>> Press. URL:
>>
>> http://dictionary.oed.com/
>>
>> Date accessed: 2002 January 18.
>>
>> --
>>
>> def design Design (Page: 397) De*sign” (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
>> Designed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Designing.] [F. désigner to designate, cf. F.
>> dessiner to draw, dessin drawing, dessein a plan or scheme; all,
>> ultimately, from L. designare to designate; de- + signare to mark, mark
>> out, signum mark, sign. See Sign, and cf. Design, n., Designate.] 1. To
>> draw preliminary outline or main features of; to sketch for a pattern or
>> model; to delineate; to trace out; to draw. Dryden. 2. To mark out and
>> exhibit; to designate; to indicate; to show; to point out; to appoint. We
>> shall see Justice design the victor’s chivalry. Shak. Meet me to-morrow
>> where the master And this fraternity shall design. Beau. & Fl. 3. To create
>> or produce, as a work of art; to form a plan or scheme of; to form in idea;
>> to invent; to project; to lay out in the mind; as, a man designs an essay,
>> a poem, a statue, or a cathedral. 4. To intend or purpose; -- usually with
>> for before the remote object, but sometimes with to. Ask of politicians the
>> end for which laws were originally designed. Burke. He was designed to the
>> study of the law. Dryden. Syn. -- To sketch; plan; purpose; intend;
>> propose; project; mean. Design (Page: 397) De*sign”, v. i. To form a design
>> or designs; to plan. Design for, to intend to go to. [Obs.] From this city
>> she designed for Collin [Cologne].” Evelyn. [398] Design (Page: 398)
>> De*sign” (?), n. [Cf. dessein, dessin.] 1. A preliminary sketch; an outline
>> or pattern of the main features of something to be executed, as of a
>> picture, a building, or a decoration; a delineation; a plan. 2. A plan or
>> scheme formed in the mind of something to be done; preliminary conception;
>> idea intended to be expressed in a visible form or carried into action;
>> intention; purpose; -- often used in a bad sense for evil intention or
>> purpose; scheme; plot. The vast design and purpos of the King. Tennyson.
>> The leaders of that assembly who withstood the designs of abesotted woman.
>> Hallam. A . . . settled design upon another man’s life. Locke. How little
>> he could guess the secret designs of the court! Macaulay. 3. Specifically,
>> intention or purpose as revealed or inferred from the adaptation of means
>> to an end; as, the argument from design. 4. The realization of an inventive
>> or decorative plan; esp., a work of decorative art considered as a new
>> creation; conception or plan shown in completed work; as, this carved panel
>> is a fine design, or of a fine design. 5. (Mus.) The invention and conduct
>> of the subject; the disposition of every part, and the general order of the
>> whole. Arts of design, those into which the designing of artistic forms and
>> figures enters as a principal part, as architecture, painting, engraving,
>> sculpture. -- School of design, one in which are taught the invention and
>> delineation of artistic or decorative figures, patterns, and the like. Syn.
>> -- Intention; purpose; scheme; project; plan; idea. -- Design, Intention,
>> Purpose. Design has reference to something definitely aimed at. Intention
>> points to the feelings or desires with which a thing is sought. Purpose has
>> reference to a settled choice or determination for its attainment. I had no
>> design to injure you, “ means it was no part of my aim or object. I had no
>> intention to injure you, “ means, I had no wish or desire of that kind. My
>> purpose was directly the reverse, “ makes the case still stronger. Is he a
>> prudent man . . . that lays designs only for a day, without any prospect to
>> the remaining part of his life? Tillotson. I wish others the same
>> intention, and greater successes. Sir W. Temple. It is the purpose that
>> makes strong the vow. Shak. (ARTFL Webster’s 1913: 397-8)
>>
>> ARTFL Webster’s. 1913. Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (G & C.
>> Merriam Co., 1913, edited by Noah Porter). ARTFL (Project for American and
>> French Research on the Treasury of the French Language). Chicago: Divisions
>> of the Humanities, University of Chicago. URL:
>>
>> http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html
>>
>> Date accessed: 2002 January 18.
>>
>> --
>>
>> def design: design Part of speech: transitive verb Syllables: de-sign
>> Pronunciation: dih zain Inflections: designed, designing, designs
>> Definition: 1. to make or draw plans for, esp. the structure or form of:
>> Synonyms: plan, engineer (1;2), map out{map (3)} Similar Words: plot1,
>> scheme, devise, block out {block}, frame, formulate, forge1, shape, draft,
>> outline, sketch, blueprint Example: He designed a new welfare system.
>> Definition: 2. to conceive; invent. Synonyms: invent (1), conceive (1),
>> dream up {dream (PHR)}, formulate (2) Similar Words: contrive, create,
>> innovate, originate, coin, hatch1, form. Definition: 3. to intend for a
>> specific goal or purpose: Synonyms: earmark (1), intend (2), target Similar
>> Words: aim at {aim (vi)}, reserve Example: a program designed to educate
>> the public. Part of speech: intransitive verb Definition: to createplans or
>> designs. Synonyms: plan, devise, contrive Similar Words: scheme Part of
>> speech: noun Definition: 1. a plan or outline showing how something is to
>> be built or carried out. Synonyms: plan (2;3), scheme (2, 3), blueprint
>> (2), strategy (1), layout (1), draft (2), program (1) Similar Words:
>> schematic, map, sketch, outline, diagram, agenda Definition: 2. an artistic
>> rendering; drawing. Synonyms: drawing (1), picture (1) Similar Words:
>> portrayal, painting, sketch Definition: 3. pattern: Synonyms: pattern (1;2)
>> Similar Words: print, motif, shape, figure, detail, decoration Example: a
>> floral design. Definition: 4. the art of creating drawings: Similar Words:
>> art, drawing, painting, graphics, graphic arts Example: He is studying
>> design. Definition: 5. end; purpose. Synonyms: goal (1), purpose (1), aim
>> (2), intention (2), objective (1), purport (2) Similar Words: end, reason,
>> hope, dream, wish, ambition, aspiration, destination, target, mark1, desire
>> Definition: 6. (often pl.) scheme or plot. Synonyms: plan (1), intentions
>> (4), scheme (1), plot1 (2) Similar Words: cabal (Wordsmyth 1999: unpaged).
>>
>> Wordsmyth. 1999. The Wordsmyth Educational Dictionary-Thesaurus. [WEDT].
>> Robert Parks, ed. Chicago: Wordsmyth Collaboratory. URL:
>>
>> http://www.wordsmyth.net/
>>
>> Date accessed: 1999 February 2.
>>
>> --
>>
>> def design. de·sign [di zn ] verb (past de·signed, past participle
>> de·signed, present participle de·sign·ing, 3rd person present singular
>> de·signs) 1.transitive and intransitive verb create detailed plan of
>> something:to work out or create the form or structure of something
>> 2.transitive and intransitive verb plan and make something:to plan and make
>> something in a skillful or artistic way 3.transitive verbintend for a
>> use:to intend something for a particular purpose The scholarship was
>> designed to aid foreign students. 4.transitive verb invent:to contrive,
>> devise, or plan something noun (plural de·signs) 1.way something is
>> made:the way in which something is planned and made 2.picture of
>> something’s form and structure:a drawing or other graphical representation
>> of somethingthat shows how it is to be made 3. decorative pattern:a pattern
>> or shape, sometimes repeated, used for decoration 4.process of
>> designing:the process and techniques of designing things 5.scheme:a plan or
>> scheme for something 6.something planned:something that is planned or
>> intended plural noun de·signs selfish or dishonest plan:a secretive plan
>> undertaken for selfish or dishonest motivesThey had designs on her job.
>> [14th century. From, ultimately, Latin designare (see designate ).]
>> de·sign·a·ble adjective by design intentionally or onpurpose. (Encarta
>> 2000: Unpaged)
>>
>> --
>>
>> 1 design vb -ED/-ING/-S [MF designer, fr. L designare, lit., to mark out,
>> fr. de- + signare to mark -- more at SIGN] vt 1 a : to conceive and plan
>> out in themind “a savage on seeing a watch would at once conclude that it
>> was designed -- Samuel Butler +1902 “ b : DEVOTE, CONSIGN, DESTINE “a city
>> designed to destruction” “grants designed in his will for making amends” c
>> : to make up one’s mind to set apart : settle in mind to reserve “mementos
>> of his travels that he had designed for friends” d : to plan or have in
>> mind as a purpose : INTEND, PURPOSE, CONTEMPLATE “he was sociable by
>> disposition, and I believe he designed particularly to shine in the world
>> of talk and manners -- Osbert Sitwell” “when some other foreign power
>> designed division or seizure -- Roger Burlingame” e archaic : to have in
>> mind or include as a matter of consideration f : to devise or propose for a
>> specific function “a book designed primarily as a college textbook” “a
>> program obviously designed as a first approach to this problem” g : to
>> create, plan, or calculate for serving a predetermined end : prepare or lay
>> out deliberately “the challenging problem of designing a college curriculum
>> for young women” “a little group of members which is designed for study,
>> propaganda, and energetic canvassing -- R.M.Dawson” “ designed to form a
>> frame for what was to come after -- E.M.Lustgarten” 2 a obs : to indicate
>> with a distinctive mark or sign b archaic : to indicate by name or
>> distinctive phrase c : to designate for office or function “ designing a
>> friend to act as substitute” “the other parties named and designed in the
>> summons” d archaic : ASSIGN, GRANT 3[MF desseigner, fr. It disegnare, fr. L
>> designare] a archaic : to make a drawing or sketch of (an object or scene)
>> b : to outline or sketch in proportion for creating a work of art or to
>> serve as a pattern in the practical arts “she has designed the dances for
>> several Broadway hits” “a curious woman whose dresses always looked as if
>> they had been designed in a rage -- OscarWilde” c : to plan and plot out
>> the shape and disposition of the parts of and the structural constituents
>> of : draw the plans for “he designed many buildings and bridges” d : to
>> create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan “he was also a
>> clever artist and designed scenes with a flair for color -- Winifred
>> Bambrick” “buildings of the institution are so designed that each patient’s
>> room opens upon a porch -- Amer. Guide Series: Mich.” e : to originate,
>> draft, and work out, set up, or set forth : DEVISE, CONTRIVE “a landscaping
>> authority to design the city’s park system” “can start to design and
>> execute a foreign policy without fear -- H.W.Barber” “like most Communist
>> propaganda it was very cleverly designed -- Patrick McMahon” “knows how to
>> design a part so that it develops and acquires momentum in performance --
>> Brooks Atkinson” f : to plan or produce with special intentional adaptation
>> to a specific end -- used in passive or participial form “statutes are
>> designed to meet the fugitive exigencies of the hour -- B.N.Cardozo”
>> “slogans are normally designed to get action without reflection --
>> A.E.Stevenson b.1900” “marriage was a social institution designed to fit
>> instinct into a legal framework --Bertrand Russell” “would do it for $5000,
>> a price [.....] designed to discourage offers -- Elsa Maxwell” vi 1 : to
>> conceive a plan for making something 2 : to draw, lay out, or otherwise
>> prepare a design or designs “those who design for the home” “in designing
>> for motion pictures there is also the problem of geography -- Cedric
>> Gibbons” : a : to draw a preliminary figure, outline, or sketch (as for a
>> machine, structure, or work of art) b : to fashion a work of art c : to
>> fashion a decorative figure or pattern 3 : to plan or intend to start out
>> on a trip or course “this ship designs for Guam” “the young man designs for
>> law” syn see INTEND, 1PLAN 2design n -S [MF dessein, fr. It disegno, fr.
>> disegnare to mark out] 1 : a mental project or scheme in whichmeans to an
>> end are laid down : PLAN “morality also, like religion, is a product of
>> human design -- Benjamin Farrington” “had no rivals among the secular
>> rulers of Europe for largeness of designs -- R.W.Southern” 2 a : a
>> particular purpose held in view by an individual or group : a planned
>> intention “my design in writing this preface is to forestall certain
>> critics” “he has ambitious designs for his son” b : deliberate purposive
>> planning “what superficially may appear to be a masterpiece of design was
>> likely to have been just an empirical policy of muddling through -- Times
>> Lit. Supp.” “his clumsiness is due to inattention rather than design “
>> “battle was joined apparently more by accident than design -- John Buchan”
>> also : direction toward an ultimate end “the teleological, which shows the
>> marks of design in nature, and from them argues to a great designer --
>> Encyc. Americana” -- opposed to accident 3 a : a deliberate undercover
>> project or scheme entertained with discreditable or hostile and often
>> dishonest, treacherous, sinister, or seductive intent “each camp accusing
>> the other of imperialist designs” “eager to ferret out any subversive
>> design “ “a declaration of a design upon his life -- John Locke” b
>> designspl : such a scheme contemplating some rapacious or disruptive
>> aggression or some illicit encroachment -- used with on or against “the
>> United States has no [.....] designs against any of its neighbors anywhere
>> -- A.H.Vandenberg +1951” “has designs on the money” 4 : a preliminary
>> sketch or outline (as a drawing on paper or a modeling in clay) showing the
>> main features of something to be executed : DELINEATION “a textile design
>> and its specificationsconstitute the complete working plan for the
>> manufacture of a fabric -- Alfred Higgins & R.L.La Vault” 5 a : a painter
>> or sculptor’s preliminary drawing or model “he made two or three charming
>> and blasphemous designs -- W.B.Yeats” b : a scheme for the construction,
>> finish, and ornamentation of a building asembodied in the plans,
>> elevations, and other architectural drawings pertaining to it c : a
>> conceptual outline or sketch according to which the elements of a literary
>> or dramatic composition or series are disposed “his sense ofstructure, both
>> in the general design of Paradise Lost and Samson, and in his syntax --
>> T.S.Eliot” “it is now widely agreed that such compositions as Moby Dick and
>> Billy Budd are complete designs -- Nathalia Wright” “the main designs of
>> the poem, an imaginative control of dispersed material -- Times Lit. Supp.”
>> d : a settled coherent program followed or imposed usu : an underlying
>> scheme that governs functioning, developing or unfolding : PATTERN, MOTIF
>> “his ad-libbing [.....] is not unfortified by design because he is far too
>> fine a professional ever to trust entirely to chance -- John Mason Brown”
>> “whether or not there be a design , [.....] in nature, a man’s biography
>> frequently discloses haunting glimpses of a pattern -- Perry Miller” 6 a :
>> the arrangement of elements that make up a work of art, a machine, or other
>> man-made object“systematic art instruction begins with the study of design
>> , which includes little except the perception and creation of formal
>> relations -- Hunter Mead” “made her decide to introduce choreographic
>> design into her free skating -- Current Biog.” b : the process of selecting
>> the means and contriving the elements, steps, and procedures for producing
>> what will adequately satisfy some need “industrial design “ “included in
>> design are the arrangement of the basic text page, choice of typeface,
>> title page, and special pages -- Joseph Blumenthal” specif : the drawing up
>> of specifications as to structure, forms, positions, materials, texture,
>> accessories, decorations in the form of a layout for setting up, building,
>> or fabrication “the design of the ship’s bridge” “his experiments were
>> noted for their simple design “ “the problems of stability were corrected
>> by better design in duplicating equipment -- R.O.Jordan” c : structural
>> constitution or fundamental framework of a musical composition
>> “unacceptable to our sense of melodic design -- P.H.Lang” “inflated music
>> with ambitious and mystical programmatic designs -- Nicolas Slonimsky” 7 a
>> : a visual arrangement or disposition of lines, parts, figures, details
>> usu. unified by an implicit key or clue of signification or an artistic
>> motif (as in engravings, medals, textiles, metalwork) “linoleum in a great
>> number of designs” “the designs on the reverse of our coins” “an iron
>> balustrade with a design of bows and arrows that rises from the eaves of
>> the house -- Amer. Guide Series: Maine” b : a pattern or figuration applied
>> to a surface (as of a vase) : DECORATION “porcelain with carved or engraved
>> floral designs” “a gold-tooled design impressed on bookbindings” syn see
>> INTENTION, PLAN 3design adj : used as a basis for anticipating practical
>> problems and solving them at the engineering stage -- used chiefly in
>> highway designing “the design speed of a highway” (Webster’s Unabridged
>> 2002: unpaged)
>>
>> Webster’s Unabridged. 2002. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary,
>> Unabridged. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster.
>>
>> Webster’s Unabridged is America’s premier lexicographical work. This
>> electronic version comprises the text of Webster’s Third New International
>> Dictionary, Unabridged, published in 1961, and subsequent updates which
>> take account of current usage.
>>
>> The Merriam-Webster company has continued to update its files since
>> publication of Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. The source
>> data for this electronic version of Webster’s Unabridged was obtained in
>> 1996 and so includes additional material and addenda included since
>> publication of both the original 1961 edition and the updated 1993 edition.
>> This version appears in electronic form for the first time.
>>
>> --
>>
>> design 1 plan, scheme, purpose XVI; plan for a work of art XVII. Earliest
>> forms des(e)igne, disseigne — F. †desseing, †des(s)ing (mod. dessein), f.
>> †desseigner (see next).
>>
>> Hoad, T. F., editor. 1996. “design1” The Concise Oxford Dictionary of
>> English Etymology. Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference Online.
>> Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press. Date accessed: 14 July 2003. URL:
>>
>>
>> http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t27.004153
>>
>> —
>>
>> design 2 A. point out, designate; B. plan, purpose, intend XVI; C.
>> delineate, drawXVII. In form — F. désigner indicate, designate, and L.
>> dsignre mark out, point out, delineate, depict, contrive, DESIGNATE. All
>> the meanings derive ult. from the L. word, but sense B has been affected by
>> DESIGN 1 and F. †desseigner, sense C by F. dessiner, †dessigner (an alt. of
>> desseigner after It. disignare). So designate †indicated XV (once), marked
>> out or selected for office, appointed or nominated XVII. — L. dsigntus, pp.
>> of dsignre, f. DE- 3 + signre mark, SIGN; see -ATE 2. designate vb. appoint
>> or nominate for office XVIII; point out, name XIX. f. pp. stem of L.
>> dsignre; see -ATE 3. designation XIV. — (O)F. or L.
>>
>> Hoad, T. F., editor. 1996. “design2“ The Concise Oxford Dictionary of
>> English Etymology. Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference Online.
>> Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press. Date accessed 14 July 2003. URL:
>>
>>
>> http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t27.004154
>>
>> --
>>
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