medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Julian (d. 1st or 4th cent., supposedly) is the legendary protobishop of the city of the Cenoman(n)i, a Gallic people inhabiting what later came to be called Maine. Their city acquired a definite article and is now Le Mans (Sarthe). Julian's nicely written Vita by the late tenth-/early eleventh-century Letaldus of Micy (BHL 4544) numbers him among the famous apostles of Gaul and places their work in the years following the great persecutions (in the long run this dating proved to be a minority view, at least medievally: the paradigm of Petrine selection had been applied to Julian in the ninth century and would again be so applied from the thirteenth century onward). Founding an hermitage in what would become his diocese, Julian overcame opposition by operating miracles, of which the most dramatic was his causing a spring to burst forth from solid rock. Many conversions followed and when Julian had baptized the city's ruler (one Defensor) his work was assured. Later miracles of note included raising people from the dead and freeing others of demonic possession. Miracles attended both Julian's peaceful death at his hermitage and the transport of his remains to the city for burial. He had a magnificent funeral that drew a great crowd not only from the city proper but also from the surrounding countryside and villages and even from nearby _castella_. Many miracles were reported at his tomb. Thus far Letaldus.
Some period-pertinent images of St. Julian of Le Mans:
a) as depicted (scenes) in the earlier or mid-thirteenth-century Life of St. Julian window (Bay 101) in the cathédrale Saint-Maurice in Angers:
http://therosewindow.com/pilot/Angers/w101.htm
http://www.medievalart.org.uk/Angers/Bay_101ab/Angers_Bay101_Key.htm
b) as depicted (scenes) in the mid-thirteenth-century Life of St. Julian window (Bay 107) in the choir of the cathédrale Saint-Julien in Le Mans:
http://therosewindow.com/pilot/LeMans/w107-Frame.htm
http://www.medievalart.org.uk/lemans/107_pages/LeMans_Bay107_Key.htm
c) as depicted (scenes) in light A of the corresponding window on the south side of the choir (Bay 108; also mid-thirteenth-century) of the cathédrale Saint-Julien in Le Mans:
http://therosewindow.com/pilot/LeMans/w108-Frame.htm
http://www.medievalart.org.uk/lemans/108_pages/LeMans_Bay108_Key.htm
d) as depicted in a late thirteenth-century collection of saint's lives in French (1285; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 412, fol. 219r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84259980/f447.item.zoom
e) as depicted (the miracle of the spring) in the later fourteenth-century Breviary of Charles V (ca. 1364-1370; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 1052, fol. 333r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84525491/f675.item.zoom
f) as depicted twice (the miracle of the spring; entering Le Mans) in a later fourteenth-century copy of part of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1370-1380; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 15940, fol. 166r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449693p/f339.item.zoom
g) as depicted (the miracle of the spring) in a late fourteenth- or early fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Rennes, Bibliothèque de Rennes Métropole, ms. 266, fol. 58v):
http://tinyurl.com/h2r4gns
h) as depicted (the miracle of the spring) in an earlier fifteenth-century breviary for the Use of the abbey of Notre-Dame de Beaulieu (ca. 1401-1433; Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, ms. 1267, fol. 410r):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht16/IRHT_030856-p.jpg
i) as depicted (at left, saying Mass) in the earlier fifteenth-century Québriac Hours (ca. 1420; Boston [MA], Boston Public Library, ms. q. Med. 81, f. 136v):
https://manuscriptroadtrip.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/101_3176.jpg
j) as depicted (the miracle of the spring) in an earlier fifteenth-century book of hours from Rouen (ca. 1420-1425; New York, Morgan Library, Morgan MS M.105, fol. 43r):
http://ica.themorgan.org/manuscript/page/42/76848
k) as depicted twice (upper register: the miracle of the spring; restoring a man to life) in a later fifteenth-century copy of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (1463; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 50, fol. 347r):
http://tinyurl.com/z68d9t2
l) as depicted (consecration as bishop) in a late fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1480-1490; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 244, fol. 66v):
http://tinyurl.com/yfts8ks
m) as depicted thrice in the late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century Missal of Philippe de Luxembourg, bp. of Le Mans (betw. 1495 and 1503; Le Mans, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 254):
1) restoring sight to a blind man in the presence of Defensor (fol. 4r):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht5/IRHT_082645-p.jpg
2) healing a child (fol. 6r):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht5/IRHT_082646-p.jpg
3) the miracle of the spring (fol. 7bis):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht5/IRHT_082649-p.jpg
Best,
John Dillon
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