medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Thought to have been an early martyr, Chrysogonus follows St. Lawrence in the prayer _Communicantes_ of the Roman Canon of the Mass. In the Ambrosian Canon of the Mass he follows Clement. Chrysogonus appears under 24. November in the early sixth century Calendar of Carthage and in the later sixth-century prayers of the so-called Leonine Sacramentary. His cult was established at Rome by the end of the sixth century, where it was localized at the _titulus Chrysogoni_ (so designated since at least 499, its name in all likelihood originally identified a donor or other early owner of the property), a predecessor of today's San Crisogono in Trastevere. Chrysogonus' legendary Passio (BHL 1795, etc.), part of the Passio of the St. Anastasia of 25. December, makes him a soldier, links him in Rome with Anastasia, and, as do also most of his entries in different versions of the (pseudo-)Hieronymian Martyrology, has him martyred at Aquileia.
About twelve miles from Aquileia is today's San Canzian d'Isonzo (GO) in Friuli - Venezia Giulia. Anciently the place was called Aquae Gradatae and its local saints were the martyrs Cantius, Cantianus, and Cantianilla. In their Acta (BHL 1543, etc.) Chrysogonus, who is associated with them, is said to have been martyred at Aquae Gradatae. He was venerated there in late antiquity along with St. Protus of Aquileia (14. June). San Canzian d'Isonzo's fifteenth-century chiesa/cappella di San Proto, which replaced a late antique structure belonging to this cult, holds an empty sarcophagus excavated at the site and inscribed with the name of the blessed martyr Chrysogonus:
http://siticar.units.it/div/uploads/web/web_64_grande.jpg
In Croatia Chrysogonus (Sv. Krševan) is the principal patron saint of Zadar, whose cathedral is dedicated to Anastasia (Sv. Stošija). Herewith two views of Chrysogonus' earlier fourteenth-century (1326) reliquary there:
http://tinyurl.com/htzzlku
http://tinyurl.com/3yf2oo
Some period-pertinent images of St. Chrysogonus:
a) as depicted in the very late fifth- or early sixth-century mosaics of the Cappella Arcivescovile in Ravenna:
http://tinyurl.com/bt6dn65
b) as depicted (at far right) in the heavily restored later sixth-century mosaic procession of male saints (ca. 560) in the nave of Ravenna's basilica di Sant' Apollinare Nuovo:
http://tinyurl.com/473c7j
c) as depicted (at left; at right, St. James) in the late thirteenth- or very early fourteenth-century apse mosaic preserved from San Crisogono in Trastevere's twelfth-century predecessor:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/hen-magonza/7307790936/
d) as depicted (martyrdom) in an earlier fourteenth-century French-language legendary of Parisian origin with illuminations attributed to the Fauvel Master (ca. 1327; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 183, fol. 79v):
http://tinyurl.com/yj3m7dr
e) as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1335 and 1350) in the nave of the church of the Holy Ascension at the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/ydmeg5l
f) as portrayed on reliefs of, respectively, the thirteenth, fourteenth, and sixteenth centuries preserved in the Department of Zadar City Museum:
http://tinyurl.com/a6bndyt
http://tinyurl.com/alva3yh
http://tinyurl.com/b3n8wyf
g) as portrayed in relief (lower register at far right; at far left, St. Anastasia) on the tympanum of the main portal of the late fourteenth century church of St. Michael in Zadar:
http://zarocroatia.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/stmichael-14th-century.jpg
h) as portrayed (lower right; dressed as a man of learning -- legendarily, he was Anastasia's teacher) by Gabriel Angler in an earlier fifteenth-century Calvary sculpture (ca. 1440; from Tegernsee) in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich:
http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Fotos/Chrysogonus.jpg
i) as depicted by Michele Giambono in a mid-fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1450) in the chiesa di San Trovaso in Venice:
http://www.wga.hu/art/g/giambono/stchryso.jpg
j) as depicted (at center, martyrdom; at left, the imprisoned Anastasia) in a later fifteenth-century copy (1463) of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 51, fol. 62v):
http://tinyurl.com/yknrzzh
k) as depicted (refusing to sacrifice to idols; martyrdom) in a later fifteenth-century copy (ca. 1470) of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Mâcon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 3, fol. 69v):
http://tinyurl.com/2dt2x9c
l) as depicted (in prison) in a late fifteenth-century Roman Breviary of French origin is here (after 1482; Clermont-Ferrand, Bibliothèque du patrimoine, ms. 69, fol. 610v):
http://tinyurl.com/2787dzc
Best,
John Dillon
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