Call for papers
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CSCWSmart? Collective Intelligence and CSCW in Crisis Situations
24th September 2011, European Computer Supported Cooperative Work Conference (ECSCW 2011), 24-28 September 2011, Aarhus, Denmark
Contact: [log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]>
Website: http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/groups/mobilities-lab/event/3688/
Conference website: http://www.ecscw2011.org/
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Abstract: There are potentially rich synergies between socio-technical innovation in collective intelligence, mobilities research and Computer Supported Cooperative Work research. Examples like Wikipedia, collaborative sense-making in crisis situations (Palen et al 2007), participatory sensing projects (Cambell 2008, Goldman 2009, Haque) and alternative reality games such as 'I love Bees' (Gurzick 2011) illustrate that collaborative work can mobilise many distributed people and diverse kinds of information and that the results can amount to 'crowdsourced' production of intelligence about complex problems (Zwass 2010). On the other hand, the concept can mask problematic tendencies - far from being emergent and self-organising - some forms of collective intelligence may be the result of 'puppetmastering' (McGonigal 2006). Alternatively, sensitive orchestration of public virtual mobilisation practices may open up new, genuinely collaborative opportunities for public engagement. This workshop takes examples of collaborative work and collective intelligence in disasters and 'creeping' crises such as climate change to explore opportunities and challenges for innovation.
Description: Crisis situations engender intensive information flows and need for collaboration not only between official and non-governmental emergency response agencies and the media, but also amongst members of the public. People affected by earthquakes, fires, floods, violence or slow motion disasters such as climate change or soil erosion, their colleagues, friends and relatives, and those who may have helpful knowledge increasingly use social media (Facebook, Twitter) to communicate and make sense of events, and to work together to respond to the situation. This one day workshop focuses on one particular phenomenon of social media use in crises: 'collective intelligence'.
Collective intelligence is an ambiguous and highly productive, but also potentially treacherous concept. On the one hand, the notion can highlight positive social innovation, including the collective, 'crowdsourced' mobilisation and production of intelligence about complex problems (Zwass 2010), new 'means for knowing what we are doing as a group' (Levy 1997, Malone & Klein 2007, Connected Environments, Cambell 2008, Goldman 2009), or new distributed problem-solving capabilities that are 'best understood as emergent and collective rather than orchestrated' (Vieweg et al 2007). On the other hand, the concept can mask problematic tendencies. Informational practices and content in social media can fuel confusion in crisis situations, spread simplistic messages with highly affective charge, they can be manipulated - maliciously, or by the media or organisations seeking to maximise donations, indeed - far from being emergent and self-organising - some forms of collective intelligence in crisis may be the result of 'puppetmastering' to take a term from discussions about totalitarian tendencies in gaming (McGonigal 2006). Alternatively, sensitive orchestration of public informational practices may open up new, genuinely collaborative opportunities for public engagement in crisis response (e.g. Rogstadius et al. 2011, Starbird 2011, Heinzelman and Waters 2009, RDTN, SAHANA, Ushahidi,) and provide professionals with new resources, resonating with experiences in citizen science (Hemment et al 2010).
This workshop seeks to discuss how members of the public and professionals in emergency response currently use social media to collaborate in crises. The boundaries between collaborative professional and volunteer work are blurred here. Exploiting the evocative ambiguity of the notion of 'collective intelligence', we explore examples of real world practices. Longer term aims are to establish an overview of relevant research, to debate opportunities and challenges for design and to identify needs for new research. Questions might include:
Are there historical precedents/precursors?
How is collective intelligence (CI) done in practice? What forms does it take?
Are different forms of CI associated with different kinds of complex problems?
What are intended and unintended consequences?
How do collective intelligence practices evolve over the life-span of a crisis?
How does bottom-up collective intelligence integrate with top-down crisis interventions by governments and NGOs?
Submissions: We invite submission of (working) papers, up to 15 pages. We're happy to receive a range of different lengths of papers, so anything from 3-15 pages would be fine. All contributions must be formatted in strict accordance with the ECSCW formatting instructions (author kits and paper templates are available for Word, PDF, and LaTeX). Please submit a PDF to [log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]> . A maximum of 30 participants can be accepted.
Important Dates
1st June 2011 Deadline for paper sumissions
15th June 2011 Notification of decision
28th June 2011Early Bird Registration ends*
1st September 2011 Background readings, draft papers and videos** in a wiki
23rd September 2011 Dinner in town for those already here
* Please note that registration is for the full conference.
** From a previous workshop at ZiF Bielefeld <http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/sociology/event/3677> , a range of resources may be available, including video presentations:
Social media challenges from the perspective of professional responders - Jonas Landgren (IT University, Gothenburg, Sweden)
Communication, Coordination, and Collective Action - David Gurzick (Hood College, USA)
Crisis Informatics -Leysia Palen (University of Colorado, Boulder, USA)
Connecting emergency management and public use of Twitter in crisis situations -Irina Shklovski (IT University, Copenhagen)
References
Campbell, A. T., Eisenman, S. B., Lane, N. D., Miluzzo, E., Peterson, R. A., Lu, H. Zheng, X. Musolesi, M., Fodor, K., Ahn, G-S. (2008). The Rise of People-Centric Sensing, IEEE Internet Computing, pp. 12-21, July/August, 2008
Connected Environments http://www.connectedenvironments.com/ <http://www.connectedenvironments.com>
Gurzick, D., White, K.F., Lutters, W.G., Landry, B.M., Dombrowski, C. and Kim, J.Y. (2011). Designing the future of collaborative workplace systems: lessons learned from a comparison with alternate reality games. In Proceedings of the 2011 iConference (iConference '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 174-180. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1940761.1940785
Goldman, J., Shilton, K., Burke, J., Estrin, D., Hansen, M., Ramanthan, N., Reddy, S., Samanta, V., Srivastava, M., West. R. (2009). Participatory Sensing: A citizen-powered approach to illuminating the patterns that shape our world. Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, May 2009.
Haque Design and Research http://www.haque.co.uk/pachube.php
Heinzelman, J. and Waters, C, (2009). Crowdsourcing Crisis Information in Disaster-Affected Haiti. United States Institute of Peace. http://www.usip.org/publications/crowdsourcing-crisis-information-in-disaster-affected-haiti
Hemment, D., Ellis, R., Wynne, B. (2011) Participatory Mass Observation and Citizen Science <http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/LEON_a_00096?journalCode=leon> . Leonardo Transactions Vol. 44, No. 1, Pages 62-63. MIT Press
Levy, P. (1997) Collective Intelligence. Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace. Translated by R. Bononno. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
Malone, T.W. and Klein, M. (2007) Harnessing Collective Intelligence to Address Global Climate Change. http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/itgg.2007.2.3.15
McGonigal, J. (2006) The Puppetmaster Problem: Design for real world, mission based gaming. In Harrigan, P. and Wardrip-Fruin, N. (Eds) Second Person. Cambridge: MIT Press: 251-264.
Palen, L., S. Vieweg, J. Sutton, S.B. Liu & A. Hughes (2007) Proceedings of the Third International Conference on E-Social Science, Ann Arbor, MI, Oct 7-9, 2007. http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~palen/palen_papers/palen-crisisinformatics.pdf <http://www.cs.colorado.edu/%7Epalen/palen_papers/palen-crisisinformatics.pdf>
RDTN http://www.rdtn.org/ <http://www.rdtn.org>
Rogstadius, J., Kostakos, V., Laredo, J., Vukovic, M. (2011) Towards Real-time Emergency Response using Crowd Supported Analysis of Social Media. CHI 2011 Workshop on Crowdsourcing and Human Computation. http://crowdresearch.org/chi2011-workshop/ <http://crowdresearch.org/chi2011-workshop/%20>
SAHANA http://www.crowdsourcing.org/site/sahana/wwwsahanafoundationorg/3293
Starbird, K. Digital Volunteerism During Disaster: Crowdsourcing Information Processing. (2011) CHI 2011 Workshop on Crowdsourcing and Human Computation. http://crowdresearch.org/chi2011-workshop/ <http://crowdresearch.org/chi2011-workshop/%20>
Ushahidi http://www.ushahidi.com/ <http://www.ushahidi.com>
Vieweg, S., L. Palen, S. Liu, A. Hughes, J. Sutton (2008). Collective Intelligence in Disaster: An Examination of the Phenomenon in the Aftermath of the 2007 Virginia Tech Shooting. Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference, Washington DC, USA, May 2008.
Zwass, V. (2010) Series Editor's introduction. Van De Walle, B., Turoff, M., Hiltz, S.R. (Eds.) Information Systems for Emergency Management. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, ix-xii.
Schedule on the Day (preliminary)
09:00 Coffee
09:30 Introductions
10:00 Presentations
10:30 Coffee
11:00 Presentations
12:30 Lunch
13:30 Presentations
15:00 Coffee
15:30 Group Discussions (Small Groups)
16:30 What next?
19:00 Dinner
Post workshop Depending on our 'What next?' discussions we may continue our online collaboration.
Organisers Matthias Betz1, Monika Büscher2, Rebecca Ellis3, Maria Angela Ferrario4, Gerd Kortuem4, Marén Schorch5, Jon Whittle4, Andreas Zimmerman1
Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik, FIT, Germany
Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, UK
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
Computing Department, Lancaster University, UK
Research Group 'Communicating Disasters', Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies ZiF, Bielefeld University, Germany
{m.buscher, r.ellis, m.ferrario, g.kortuem, [log in to unmask]; <http://lancaster.ac.uk> [log in to unmask]; <mailto:[log in to unmask]> {andreas.zimmermann; [log in to unmask]
Acknowledgements: This workshop builds on work undertaken in the Bridge Project (EU FP7, http://www.sec-bridge.eu), the Citizens Transforming Society: Tools for Change (CaTalyST) Project (EPSRC, UK), Next Generation Resilience Project 'DFuse' (EPSRC) and the Communicating Disasters Programme at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, ZiF (http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/ZIF/FG/2010CommunicatingDisaster/), Bielefeld University, Germany.
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