medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Ambiguity in the use of Heresy is not confined to the late Middle Ages. Whether Simony was Heresy was debated in the 11th.
Another complication is that pertinacious defence of one's failures could be treated as Heresy. Thus Juan de Torquemada's Summa de ecclesia argues that a corrupt pope could not be deposed for his failings - unless he tried to describe his bad actions as good (Heresy).
The Gregorian Decretals in Book V has a title VII De haereticis & a title VII De schismaticis et ordinatis ab eis. The former title starts by distinguishing the one who doubts (infidelis) from Heretics 9 (c. 1). But it also accuses one who does not recall others from error of error (c. 2). Then it gets into those who persevere in Heresy.
Tom Izbicki
Thomas Izbicki
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medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
One complication regarding such definitions is that, at least in the fourteenth century, heresy was commonly an accusation lobbed at political opponents of the papacy. The practice of witchcraft or some other accusation might accompany the charge but certainly by 1320, politics played a significant role.
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