The tau-cross became the symbol of Francis of Assisi. There is, as one
would expect, several books on the Franciscan use of the tau. Also:
Innocent III applied it to the crusades in 1215; popular revivalism--it is
Nicholas of Cologne's symbol in the Rhenish children's crusade (1212). On
this last use, see: G. Miccoli in *Studi Med.*, 3rd series, 2.2 (1961),
p.40ff.
Gary Dickson
University of Edinburgh
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