Forwarded Message:
From: PETER BILLER <[log in to unmask]>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 16:42:00 GMT
Subject: Re: Sodomy, flagellants, apocalypticism
To: [log in to unmask]
Cc: [log in to unmask]
E-mail seems to be breaking down - I have already tried to reply to this, and my reply MAY have
got through: in which case, apologies for the repetition.
An interesting text, Gary. In the two categories mentioned, [1] sins and shameful things [of
sodomitae and feneratores], and [2] wrong belief [the incredulitas of Patareni, Gacari and Pauperes
Leonis], I am fairly confident that 'Gacari' is a slightly corrupt spelling of 'Catari', and that
the second category, 'wrong belief', lists three groups: Patarenes, Cathars, Poor Men of
Lyons. I am pretty sure I have met 'Gacari' in Italian sources thus. There are a few other
occasions of the 'Passagini' of the Ad abolendam decree - but I think without substantial corruption
of spelling; or, if there is corruption, nothing as extreme as this would be. [This is all from memory
& I can check if necessary]
On Thu, 5 Dec 1996 13:20:57 +0000 [log in to unmask] wrote:
> From: [log in to unmask]> Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 13:20:57 +0000
> Subject: Re: Sodomy, flagellants, apocalypticism
> To: [log in to unmask]
>
> I am very grateful to Michael Goodich, who has raised some interesting
> points about 'the sin of sodomy' and the flagellants of 1260, and the
> confraternities of 'disciplinati' which the movement produced. (I haven't
> had time yet to check the confraternity statutes, but will do so.)
>
> Here is the crucial passage in a puzzling text the 'Lezenda de Fra Rainero
> Faxano' (ed. E. Ardu), pp. 93-98 of *Il Movimento dei Disciplinati* (Centro
> di Ricerca e di Studio sul Movimento dei Disciplinati) (Perugia, 1962,
> reprinted 1986):
>
> [San Bevignate, a local saint, 'canonized' by the Perugians themselves,
> says to Fra Rainero, pp.95-96:]
>
> 'Et dico tibi quia propter peccata innumerabilia et turpia, scilicet
> sodomitarum, feneratorum et propter corruptionem fidei christiane, scilicet
> propter incredulitatem patarenorum, gacarorum*, pauperum Leonis, et aliorum
> multorum, volebat Dominus mundum subvertere...'
>
> *one MS reads Gazarorum, another Hereticorum. (Could this be a corruption
> of Passagiani? Otherwise, what? I should write to Malcolm Lambert! The
> Passagiani are the only possible sect mentioned in "Ad abolendum")
>
> There are four surviving MSS. of the 'Lezenda de Fra Rainero Faxano', none
> earlier than the XIVth century, none from Perugia. The text contains local
> knowledge of Perugia and its saints, but seems inaccurate otherwise. For
> example, the three sins that threaten God's apocalyptical wrath against the
> world: sodomy, usury, heresy. Perugia was a citadel of orthodoxy. The
> heretical sects mentioned appear to have been non-existent there. Nor was
> there a conspicuous amount of banking/usury in the city, or no more than
> what one would expect in a town much smaller than, say, Florence. As for
> crimes of homosexuality, there is also nothing extraordinary, certainly
> nothing noteworthy c.1260. Nevertheless, sodomy is mentioned first; it
> gets star billing! (Michael, what do you make of this?)
>
> Gary Dickson
> University of Edinburgh
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