Thank you, Richard for pointing out your article:
Herriott, R. (2019). Scale and the wicked problem in fourth order design.
European Academy of Design: Running with Scissors - Duncan of Jordanstone
College of Art & Design, Dundee, UK.
This is an issue that will become more and more important as designers move
into large scale, societal projects.
As your abstract reminds us, the traditional methods of design (e.g.,
Human-Centered Design) grew out of industrial needs to design consumer
products that brought in larger sales and profits. (The process is seldom
practiced properly, due to what I call "Norman's law": The day that the
product team is assembled, it is behind schedule and over its budget." But
even if that were not the case, although the method is effective for many
products, as you point out, it will not work for projects that fit into
Buchanan's Fourth Order of Design.
Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked problems in design thinking. *Design
Issues, 8* (2),
5-21. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1511637.
BUT: I want to read your paper. However, from the information you provide,
i cannot find it. Can you provide a copy for those of us who wish to learn
more about that work?
Don
-----------------
(Yes, I struggled with trying to give advice on how to handle these
extremely large, multi-disciplinary projects which involve design,
construction, engineering, public health, economics, founding issues, and
politics, to say nothing of the varied and conflicting views of the
stakeholders and the often-neglected voice of the people for whom the
project is being done. This fills up one of the 6 sections of my new book.)
So I am looking for those who have proposed solutions. Such as
Jones, P., & van Ael, K. (2022). Design journeys through complex systems:
Practice tools for systemic design. Amsterdam: BIS.
Norman, D. (March 21, 2023). *Design for a better world: Meaningful,
sustainable, humanity-centered.* Cambridge, MA. London, UK.: MIT Press.
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/design-better-world
Tromp, N., & Hekkert, P. (2018). Designing for society: Products and
services for a better world. Bloomsbury Visual Arts.
===================================================
On Mon, Jan 23, 2023 at 5:48 AM Richard Herriott <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> I discovered this article which seems to have been a little overlooked.
>
> "User-centred design evolved in the context of product design - projects
> with client-defined goals and comparatively short lead-times (Sanders and
> Stappers, 2008; Herriott, 2014). These conditions are not standard in
> product design. Yet the need remains to involve users appropriately and
> effectively (to do with matters of equity) in larger scale projects such as
> transport and architecture. To explore the effect of scale and duration on
> user-centred design, this paper compares cases of hospital design and
> public transport design. This paper has synthesises empirical studies of
> user involvement in public transport and hospital design. The paper draws
> comparisons between large design projects and case of "wicked problems".
> Using this link, the paper argues for the reasons outlined in Rittel and
> Webber (1973) that large systems projects are not readily amenable to
> tackling using standard design processes. The paper then tries to show that
> the success of design approaches in the first three orders of design
> (Buchanan, 2001) are not automatically transferrable to what Buchanan terms
> Fourth Order design."
>
>
> https://adk.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/scale-and-the-wicked-problem-in-fourth-order-design
>
>
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