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MUSICOLOGY-ALL  October 2022

MUSICOLOGY-ALL October 2022

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Subject:

Call for papers: CULTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE COMMUNIST WORLD DURING THE COLD WAR

From:

Cristina Urchueguía <[log in to unmask]>

Reply-To:

Cristina Urchueguía <[log in to unmask]>

Date:

Thu, 6 Oct 2022 11:58:24 +0100

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Call for Papers

CULTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE COMMUNIST WORLD DURING THE COLD WAR
International Symposium			    Bern (Switzerland), 7 and 8 July 2023

More than three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, which marked the beginning of the end of the Cold War, we think about that world already in the past tense, although the war started by Russia against Ukraine reminded us that it is not quite as simple. Two opposing blocs, separated by a virtual "iron curtain" that in one of its sections materialised as an intimidating wall of concrete and barbed wire, structured the world. This barrier separated two worldviews that shared mutual rejection and protected each other from the ideological penetration of the other by all kinds of means. However, neither the curtain was impermeable, nor the incompatibility absolute. Alongside the myriad political interests that could only be settled jointly, there was a meeting point that crossed the wall in both directions: cultural exchange, sometimes sought, sometimes tolerated, sometimes random.
Both Francoist and Transition and Democracy Spain and the socialist/communist countries (both formulas in common historiographical usage), in the Soviet orbit or outside it, tried to use culture for the most diverse domestic and foreign policy purposes. International cultural exchange is usually seen as a favoured instrument for creating and strengthening ties between friendly countries and for fostering acceptance of the other country in wider social circles. 
One might think, therefore, that culture fosters friendship between peoples and contributes to understanding, but it does not in itself create these ties. This conference takes as its starting point a somewhat different reality during the Cold War, since alongside the cultural exchange between countries that already maintained fluid relations, whether through diplomatic, commercial, or other links, there was also a lesser-known and sometimes surprising exchange between countries that were ostensibly at odds or whose interests, ideologies or political practices were clearly diametrically opposed to each other; A transnational cultural exchange which, in its various manifestations, in some cases took on the character of true cultural diplomacy as a substitute for classical diplomacy, in other cases represented the transnational bridge between non-state or autonomous sectors of the societies involved, and sometimes even went against the respective diplomatic strategies, which could not, by any stretch of the imagination, make all cultural transfers fit for their purposes.
Franco's Spain is a very interesting case from several points of view. On the one hand, because the existence of a dictatorship established a framework of official culture which, nevertheless, could not prevent the appearance of other cultural formulations, including openly dissident ones, and the forms of transfer to the communist world varied according to each case, both because of the will of the sender and the sieve imposed by the receiving states. Moreover, its exclusion from the European Community and NATO allowed it to combine its external cultural life with a certain autonomy (or voluntary submission, as it saw fit) with respect to other European nations, while at the same time being the country ideologically furthest removed from the common enemy of the West: the Soviet world beyond the Iron Curtain. Subsequent democratic Spain shows us a panorama of cultural freedom under a change of strategic orientation towards decisive integration into Western structures, which undoubtedly affected the dissemination of Spanish culture in the communist world and the reception of the culture of those countries in the Iberian country. As for the states governed by communist parties, although their cultural policy was much more continuist than that of a Spain marked by a change of regime, the aspiration to ideological monolithism, also in contradiction with alternative cultural expressions with, in some cases, a broad transnational character, was combined with a growing cultural permeability, very noticeable in the Spanish case in the contrast between the attitude towards Francoism and towards the democratic system. The possibilities, therefore, are vast.
This Symposium aims to be a platform for sharing and publicising specific chapters on the cultural exchange that took place between Spain and the countries of the Soviet and Communist orbit during the Cold War. 
We understand the term culture in a broad sense as a set of social practices and sociability in which aesthetic or symbolic objects are shared on the basis of a common or consensual scale. Along with artistic expressions in the strict sense, such as music, dance, literature, film, and the fine arts, sport, religion, language, and science are also important.
We look for the cracks in the iron curtain through which Flamenco dancers could travel to Moscow or Bolshoi dancers to Madrid, the processes that made it possible for Spanish filmmakers or writers to take part in festivals or book fairs in the countries of the East and vice versa, for Czech, Bulgarian or German Democratic Republic films to be seen in Spanish cinemas or on television. How was it possible for sportsmen to compete on the other side, for musicians of any style to perform in front of the political enemy, or for paintings to be exchanged for exhibitions?
Of equal interest is the academic and scientific exchange, for example, within the discipline of Hispanics or other humanities disciplines represented in both environments. It would be especially revealing to analyse the role of the Spanish language both in the countries of the communist East and on the island of Cuba, where Spanish is the vehicular language. But it is also necessary to study how the languages spoken in these countries take root in Spanish society: how was the learning of Russian, Chinese, Bulgarian, Czech, Hungarian, etc. institutionalised in the educational and academic system in Spain? Music also produced significant examples of exchange, whether it was performers touring in the other country or musicians from Eastern countries arriving as "emigrants" to find work in Spain. 
Why are we talking about this in Switzerland? Spain's diplomatic isolation until the early 1950s may have meant that relations between Spain and countries that refused to talk to the Franco regime or with which Spain did not want to negotiate were sometimes mediated by Switzerland. One of the objectives will be to study whether neutrality was put at the service of communication.
The symposium will be held on Friday 7 and Saturday 8 July 2023 in Bern, Switzerland. 
Proposals are invited to be sent before 31st December 2022 to

[log in to unmask]

Abstracts may be submitted and papers may be held in English, French, German, Spanish, and English.
Each proposal must include
•	The name
•	E-mail address
•	An abstract of no more than 250 words
•	A short biography (no more than 100 words) 
•	A short biography (no more than 100 words)
Acceptance will be communicated by 1 February 2023.
Kind regards,

Luís Manuel Calvo Salgado, Zürich * Xavier María Ramos Diez-Astrain, Madrid * Cristina Urchueguía, Berne

The call is issued by the Schweizerische Musikforschende Gesellschaft (SMG) in collaboration with: 

•	Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Geschichte (SGG)
•	Documents Diplomatiques Suisses (Dodis)
•	Universität Bern (Unibe)
•	Grupo de Investigación de Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales — Universidad Complutense de Madrid (GHistRI—UCM)


RELACIONES CULTURALES ENTRE ESPAÑA Y EL MUNDO COMUNISTA DURANTE LA GUERRA FRÍA
Simposio Internacional 					Berna, 7- 8 de julio de 2023
Primera circular
Pasadas más de tres décadas tras la caída del Muro de Berlín, que supuso el principio del fin de la Guerra Fría, aquel mundo se nos presenta en pretérito y simple, aunque la guerra comenzada por Rusia contra Ucrania nos recuerde que no es del todo así. Dos bloques enfrentados, separados por un “telón de acero” imaginario que en uno de sus tramos se materializaba como intimidante pared de hormigón y alambre de espino, estructuraban el mundo. La frontera separaba dos visiones del mundo que, por tener un sentido contrapuesto, se rechazaban mutuamente y se protegían de la penetración ideológica del otro por toda clase de medios. Sin embargo, ni el telón era impermeable, ni la incompatibilidad absoluta. Junto a infinidad de intereses políticos que solo se podían dirimir conjuntamente existió una zona de encuentro que traspasó el muro en ambas direcciones: el intercambio cultural a veces buscado, a veces tolerado, a veces casual.
Tanto la España franquista y de la Transición y la Democracia como los países socialistas/comunistas (ambas fórmulas de uso historiográfico corriente), de la órbita soviética o fuera de ella, trataron de usar la cultura para los más diversos fines de política doméstica y exterior. Normalmente se considera que el intercambio cultural internacional es un instrumento predilecto para crear y estrechar lazos entre países amigos y para fomentar la aceptación del otro país en círculos sociales más amplios. Se podría pensar, por lo tanto, que la cultura abona la amistad entre los pueblos y contribuye al entendimiento, pero no crea por sí misma estos lazos. Este congreso parte de una realidad algo distinta durante la Guerra Fría, puesto que junto al intercambio cultural entre países que ya mantenían relaciones fluidas, ya sea con nexos diplomáticos, comerciales o de otro tipo, existió igualmente un intercambio menos conocido y a veces sorprendente entre países ostensiblemente enemistados o cuyos intereses, ideologías o prácticas políticas eran a todas luces diametralmente contrapuestos; un intercambio cultural transnacional que, en sus variadas manifestaciones, revestía en algunos casos del carácter de una verdadera diplomacia cultural sustitutiva de la diplomacia clásica, en otras ocasiones representaba el puente transnacional entre sectores no estatales o autónomos de las sociedades implicadas e, incluso, podía llegar a veces a ir contra las respectivas estrategias diplomáticas, que no podían, ni mucho menos, ceñir a sus propósitos todas las transferencias culturales.
La España franquista es un caso muy interesante desde varios puntos de vista. Por un lado, porque la existencia de una dictadura establecía un marco de cultura oficial que, no obstante, no podía impedir la aparición de otras formulaciones culturales incluidas las abiertamente disidentes, y las formas de transferencia hacia el mundo comunista variaban según cada caso, tanto por la voluntad del emisor como por el tamiz impuesto por los estados receptores. Además, su exclusión de las Comunidades Europeas y de la OTAN le permitía conjugar su vida cultural exterior con cierta autonomía (o con voluntaria sumisión, según lo considerase) con respecto al resto de naciones europeas, siendo a la vez el país ideológicamente más alejado del enemigo común de Occidente: el mundo soviético de allende el telón de acero. La posterior España democrática nos muestra un panorama de libertad cultural bajo un cambio de orientación estratégica hacia la integración decidida en las estructuras occidentales, lo que indudablemente afectó a la difusión de la cultura española en el mundo comunista y a la recepción de la cultura de aquellos países en el país ibérico. En cuanto a los estados gobernados por partidos comunistas, aunque su política cultural fue mucho más continuista que la de una España jalonada por un cambio de régimen, la aspiración al monolitismo ideológico, también en contradicción con expresiones culturales alternativas con, en algunos casos, un amplio carácter transnacional, se combinó con una creciente permeabilidad cultural, muy apreciable para el caso español en el contraste entre la ac-titud frente al Franquismo y ante el sistema democrático. Las posibilidades, en consecuencia, son amplísimas.
Este Simposio quiere ser una plataforma para compartir y dar a conocer capítulos concretos sobre el intercambio cultural que tuvo lugar entre España y los países de la órbita soviética y comunista durante la Guerra Fría. 
Entendemos el término cultura en sentido amplio como conjunto de prácticas sociales y de sociabilidad en las que se comparten objetos estéticos o simbólicos en base a un baremo común o consensuado. Junto con expresiones artísticas en sentido estricto como música, danza, literatura, cine o las bellas artes, importan el deporte, la religión, el lenguaje y la ciencia.
Buscamos las grietas en el telón de acero por las que pudieron transitar bailarinas de Flamenco a Moscú o bailarines del Bolshoi a Madrid, los procesos que hicieron posible la participación de cineastas o escritores españoles en festivales o ferias del libro en los países del Este y al revés, que se viesen películas checas, búlgaras o de la República Democrática Alemana en cines españoles o en la televisión. ¿Cómo fue posible que deportistas compitiesen en el otro lado, que músicos de cualquier estilo actuasen ante el enemigo político o se intercambiasen cuadros para exposiciones? 
Interesa igualmente el intercambio académico y científico, por ejemplo, dentro de la disciplina de hispánicas u otras disciplinas de humanidades representadas en ambos entornos. Especialmente revelador puede ser analizar el papel de la lengua española tanto en los países del Este comunista como en la isla de Cuba en la que el español es lengua vehicular. Pero igualmente es preciso estudiar cómo las lenguas habladas en estos países arraigan en la sociedad española. ¿Cómo se institucionalizó el aprendizaje del ruso, chino, búlgaro, checo, húngaro etc. en el sistema educativo y académico en España? También la música produjo ejemplos significativos de intercambio, ya fueran intérpretes de gira en el otro país o músicos de países del Este que llegaban como “emigrantes” a encontrar trabajo en España. 
¿Por qué hablaremos de esto en Suiza? El aislamiento diplomático de España hasta comienzo de los años 1950 pudo motivar que en ocasiones las relaciones entre España y países que se negaban a hablar con el régimen franquista o con los que España no quería negociar se realizase por mediación de Suiza. Uno de los objetivos será estudiar si la neutralidad se puso al servicio de la comunicación.
El simposio, que se celebrará el viernes 7 y el sábado 8 de julio de 2023 en Berna (Suiza). 
Invitamos a remitir propuestas al correo antes del 31 de diciembre de 2022.

[log in to unmask]

Los resúmenes se pueden escribir y las comunicaciones se pueden realizar en alemán, español, inglés y francés. Cada propuesta debe incluir
•	El nombre
•	Dirección de correo electrónico
•	Un resumen de no más de 250 palabras
•	Una breve biografía (no más de 100 palabras)
Se comunicará la aceptación antes del 1 de febrero de 2023.
Saludos cordiales,

Luís Manuel Calvo Salgado, Zürich * Xavier María Ramos Diez-Astrain, Madrid * Cristina Urchueguía, Berne

Convoca la Schweizerische Musikforschende Gesellschaft (SMG) en cooperación con 
•	Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Geschichte (SGG)
•	Documents Diplomatiques Suisses (Dodis)
•	Universität Bern (Unibe)
•	Grupo de Investigación de Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales — Universidad Complutense de Madrid (GHistRI—UCM)

Impressum: 
Schweizerische Musikforschende Gesellschaft
Institut für Musikwissenschaft
Mittelstr. 43 
CH-3011 Bern
SWITZERLAND 		https://www.smg-ssm.ch/smg-ssm/

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