Dear Jinan,
Thanks for projecting such a wonderful post in this forum. I believe, the
"Trial & Error", is a normal “BIO(logical)PHYSICAL” tendency of any living
being(s), as well as “GEO(graphical)PHYSICAL” tendency for any non-living
being(s).
as far as I understood, "Trial & Error" is a process, through which, one
tries to identify a "moderately useful solution", by using native/locally
available potential-resources (raw), minimal painful (conditional) methods,
affordable skill-sets.
*Category-1:* As observed, there are three sub-categories of
'BIO(logical)PHYSICAL' (in context of human being) "Trial & Error" exists:
(1.) Usually this category of explorers is only governed by “do, whatever
required solving their respective problem”. This is really the natural path
of ‘biological-environmental’ development of any living being. As Jinan
pointed out: *“Can the activates of babies be seen as trial and error or is
it because their hands are not yet steady?”*. I think the answer should be
YES, this is a "Trial & Error"! –Where the baby tries to get stability and
develop control over his/her own unstable muscular actions and try to
accommodate their movements according to the available external environment
and physical structures available around them. This is a natural process of
behavioral and physical alignment, which also displays a number of “Errors”
– which is recognizable by “already aligned elders” around them. So,
everything done by them is a “Trial & Error”. *– I believe, this is the
most natural form of “Trial & Error”! (Common Among All Biological
Creatures)*
(2.) Usually this category of the explorers is pre-governed with a
"Self-experienced Actual Life Problem". Usually low-income and mostly
'Nature-Dependent' explorers - who can't effort available (in majority
cases) 'market ready solutions/products', to solve their requirements. But
majority of these works never get documented or recorded, and carried
forward at personal or community levels. These efforts are closely related
with the "existing life-quality enhancement essentials". Eg: The
'unidentified developmental journey on timeline' - from the WILD-FIRE to a
MATCH-BOX. *– I believe, this is the most suitable life-style quality
enhancement mode of “Trial & Error”! (Common Among All Biological
Creatures)*
(3.) Usually this category of explorers are pre-governed with a "Given
Problem" OR “Self-motivated problem selection, which further sufficiently
influenced by supervisor/mentor/superior”. Usually a number of
university/institutional/legal limitations are narrowing the explorer’s
“Naturally Honest Analysis, Decisions and Actions” during the intended
"Trial & Error" efforts. However majority of these works get properly
documented and recorded. These categories of efforts are closely related
with the "getting a qualification through ‘structured’ research process".
Eg: (i.) All theses submitted to get a PhD, M.Phil. etc. qualifications in
natural & social scientific academic sectors; and (ii.) Different
research(s) done by commercial brands and corporate houses under "Trial &
Error" mode. *– I believe, this is the most Synthetic Form of “Trial &
Error”! *
*Category-2:* The entire range of “Biomimicry” in ‘non-living’ categorized
zones could be included in GEO(graphical)PHYSICAL category, which are the
results of the nature’s self-driven approach to solve its own problems in
its own ways! Which may be understood by human being or not till date,
could be categorized under nature’s own "Trial & Error" method!!
*Definition:* In my opinion, the "Trial & Error" could be defined as (as
per my understanding):* “The process of ‘identifying an unknown’, through
multiple explorations – using locally available resources, may called as
“Trial & Error””*
*Best Regards,*
*Santosh Kumar Jha. *संतोष कुमार झा
*PhD Scholar(Crafts&Design). MBA. MA. MEPPG-IICD. UGC-NET*
*___ _ **___ _ **___ _ **___ _ **___ _ **___ _ **___ _ **___ _ **___ _ **___
_*
*Senior Faculty. School of Fashion Leather Accessories Design*
*Footwear Design & Development Institute. Government of India*
*(An Institute of National Importance, under FDDI Act '2017)*
On Sat, Jun 23, 2018 at 8:54 AM, Terence Love <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> Dear Jinan,
>
> Thank you for your great questions.
>
> There is a considerable literature on this area of learning in the realm
> of early childhood studies. Key names in the western literature (in no
> particular order) are Lev Vigotski, Albert Bandura, Erik Erikson, John
> Bowlby, Jean Piaget, BF Skinner, Jerome Singer, J. B Calhoun, Naom
> Chomsky, John Dewey, Sara Smilanski, Maria Montessori, Mildred Parten, John
> Watson, Uri Bronfenbrenner, Mary Ainsworth. (As a publisher I published a
> book in this area and had to learn it!)
>
> Bandura's argument, which I like best of them, is that the dominant
> process of very early childhood learning is a process of 'copying of valued
> others'. This makes sense in evolutionary terms. If the person(s) who are
> 'valued others' have survived in that environment it makes good sense in
> terms of the survival of a new born human animal to copy them. In terms
> of trial and error, it puts the majority of the trial and error at one
> remove. That is, it is the valued other (or others) that do the majority
> of the trial and error as more developed human animals, and this is then
> copied rather than being learned from scratch by each baby. In an extended
> form that is the role of academic research :-)
>
> Lev Vigotski's zone of proximal development possibly aligns closest with
> the idea of trial and error by the baby in early childhood theory terms
>
> My own observation is that very-early motor learning behaviours (just
> post-born) are very much like the behaviours of early forms of robot
> arms with point-to-point controller systems. These systems are useful
> because they use the smallest amount of 'cognition' and the simplest
> 'muscle' processes, to achieve the maximum activities and maximal amount
> of movement learning in the environment that they can encompass - exactly
> what one might expect might be needed by a just born human animal.
>
> There is also a substantial amount of literature on the learning of other
> primates. Not least about the gorilla Koko, whose learning has been well
> documented, who died earlier this week.
>
> Regards,
> Terry
>
> ==
> Dr Terence Love
> CEO
> Design Out Crime & CPTED Centre
> Perth, Western Australia
> [log in to unmask]
> www.designoutcrime.org
> +61 (0)4 3497 5848
> ==
> ORCID 0000-0002-2436-7566
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]>
> On Behalf Of Jinan K B
> Sent: Saturday, 23 June 2018 9:53 AM
> To: PhD-Design - This list is for discussion of PhD studies and related
> research in Design <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Trial and error as learning
>
> Friends
>
> Thank you for responding to my question about Learning styles which I am
> still exploring. meanwhile, I have one more query.
>
> What is trial and error? Has any deep study done on this?
>
> I am asking this because this is being used loosely quite often. As I am
> exploring deeply what is really learning, a correct definition would be of
> use.
>
> Do biological beings learn by trial and error or it is their nature to
> learn? Is practice trial and error?
>
> Can the activites of babies be seen as trial and error or is it because
> their hands are not yet steady ?
>
> Hope some of you can help.
>
>
>
>
> --
> Jinan,
> TEXT DISTORTS, DIGITAL DESTROYS, WORLD AWAKENS http://
> existentialknowledgefoundation.org/
> http://rethinkingfoundation.weebly.com/
> reimaginingschools.wordpress.com
> http://sadhanavillageschool.org/
> https://www.youtube.com/user/sadhanavillagepune
> https://www.youtube.com/user/jinansvideos
> www.re-cognition.org
> http://designeducationasia.blogspot.com/
> http://awakeningaestheticawareness.wordpress.com/
> https://independent.academia.edu/JinanKodapully
> 09447121544
> 0487 2386723
>
>
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
> PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]>
> Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design
> Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
> PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]>
> Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design
> Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
>
-----------------------------------------------------------------
PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]>
Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design
Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|