medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture

The traditionally recognized author of the gospel of Luke needs no introduction to this list. He is generally identified with the physician Luke who is St. Paul's companion at Colossians 4:14. Late antique and medieval traditions place his apostolate in Alexandria in Egypt (the most frequently named venue), Bithynia, Byzantium, Thrace, Macedonia, Achaia, Dalmatia, Italy, and Gaul. St. Jerome (_De viris illustribus_, 7) knew Luke's age at the time of his death (84) but not where he died. According to the Coptic Orthodox Church, Luke was martyred at Rome by decapitation. Medieval Greeks tended to think him martyred at Thebes in Boeotia. Jerome (loc. cit.) reports that Luke's relics were translated in 357 to Constantinople, where they were placed in the Church of the Apostles. The ninth-century martyrologist Usuard of Saint-Germain includes this translation in his elogium for today's feast; some Byzantine synaxary notices also make it part of this commemoration.

Luke's translation to Constantinople as depicted in an October calendar scene in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1335 and 1350) in the narthex of church of the Holy Ascension at the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/yjrj4rn
Detail view:
http://tinyurl.com/yzqkh7v

Since a reported inventio of 1177 it has been believed at Padua that a now headless skeleton kept in that city's basilica di Santa Giustina is that of Luke. In 1998 a skull in Prague said to have been brought there as Luke's in the fourteenth century by the emperor Charles IV was taken to Padua and was found to be a "highly specific" fit with the uppermost vertebra of the skeleton, whose coffin had been opened to permit testing of various sorts. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from two of the teeth led to a pronouncement that the owner was three times more likely to have been a native of Syria than one of Greece. Osteological examination of the skeleton showed to be of a man who had been aged somewhere between 70 and 85 when he died. Carbon dating of the skeleton placed the man's death at some time between the years 130 and 400. Carbon dating of bones of snakes endemic to western Europe that were found in the coffin placed the latter in the West in the fifth century.


Supplementing Gordon Plumb's post of yesterday, herewith some period-pertinent images of Luke, Apostle and Evangelist. Though these do not include images of Luke's tetramorphic symbol that are essentially zoomorphic in nature, they do include a few images of the evangelist in which he is shown with human hands and feet but with the head -- and / or the wings -- of his celestial figure. Reflecting different underlying textual sources for the construction of the tetramorph, that figure sometimes appears as a calf and sometimes as an ox. Whereas it is easy to distinguish between a calf and an ox, many medieval versions of the symbol present an intermediate form that probably could best be described as a steer (or even as a young steer). To avoid having to make such distinctions, I refer throughout to the bovid in question as Luke's "calf / ox". Also not included are images of Luke painting the BVM or presenting a portrait of her that he is presumed to have painted. But I have included one image showing on an easel in Luke's study a daub of the BVM making one all the more grateful for the existence of Antonello da Messina.

a) as depicted (second from bottom at right; below him, St. James) among the roundels of apostles framing the Theotokos and Christ Child in a sixth-century tapestry icon from Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art:
http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1967.144#
Detail view:
http://tinyurl.com/p4y9pnz

b) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in an earlier sixth-century mosaic (betw. 527 and 548) on the north wall of the presbytery of Ravenna's basilica di San Vitale:
http://www.soniahalliday.com/images/IT20-1-10.jpg

c) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the late seventh- or early eighth-century Lindisfarne Gospels (London, BL, Cotton MS Nero D IV, fol. 137v):
http://imageweb-cdn.magnoliasoft.net/britishlibrary/supersize/pod86.jpg

d) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a full-page illumination in the late eighth-century Godescalc Gospels (betw. 781 and 783; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition latine 1203, fol. 2r):
http://tinyurl.com/proz2av
Detail view:
http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/bytype/manuscripts/survey/0001/150.JPG

e) as depicted in a later eighth- or earlier ninth-century pocket Gospels from Ireland (London, BL, Add. MS 40618, fol. 21v):
http://tinyurl.com/npr73rp

f) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the Luke and John portion of the very late eighth- or early ninth-century Lorsch Gospels (before 814; Città del Vaticano, BAV, cod. Pal. lat. 50, fol. Iv):
http://bibliotheca-laureshamensis-digital.de/bav/bav_pal_lat_50/0008

g) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a ninth-century Gospels of Breton origin (Alençon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 84, fol. 66v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht2/IRHT_052521-p.jpg

h) as portrayed in relief (at far left, with his calf / ox and facing St. John the Evangelist) on the early ninth-century Harrach Diptych (ca. 810; a Carolingian ivory from Aachen) in the Schnütgen Museum in Köln (on long-term loan from the Sammlung Ludwig):
http://rationalfaiths.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/IMG_0857b2.jpg
The diptych as a whole:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/27305838@N04/8405620365

i) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the earlier ninth-century Ebbo Gospels (betw. 816 and 835; Épernay, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 1, fol. 90v):
http://tinyurl.com/nw2nc3a

j) as depicted in a full-page illumination in a late ninth- or early tenth-century Gospels from Landévennec (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. D. 2. 16, fol.101v):
http://image.ox.ac.uk/images/bodleian/ms.auct.d.2.16/101v.jpg

k) as depicted in a tenth-century Gospels from Constantinople (Paris, BnF, ms. Coislin 195, fol. 240v):
http://tinyurl.com/299thvo

l) as depicted in an early tenth-century Gospels of Breton origin, perh. from Landévennec (908-909; Troyes: Médiathèque Grand-Troyes [until very recently: Médiathèques de l'Agglomération Troyenne], ms. 960, fol. 71v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht2/IRHT_052416-p.jpg

m) as depicted in a partly preserved mid-tenth-century New Testament probably from Constantinople (London, British Library, MS Add 28815, fols. 76v and 162v):
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_28815_f076v
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_28815_f162v
Another portion of the same manuscript is now BL, Egerton MS 3145

n) as depicted (at his burial; in the background, the Church of the Apostles in Constantinople) in the later tenth- or very early eleventh-century so-called Menologion of Basil II (Città del Vaticano, BAV, cod. Vat. gr. 1613, p. 121):
http://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1613/0143
http://tinyurl.com/j3eolcu

o) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the late tenth- or early eleventh-century Gospels of Otto III (Munich, BSB, clm 4453, fol. 139r):
http://www.wga.hu/art/zgothic/miniatur/1001-050/1/1gospel5.jpg

p) as depicted in a full-page miniature in the late tenth- or eleventh-century Codex Theodosianus (a Gospels lectionary) belonging to the Holy Monastery of the God-trodden Mount Sinai in St. Catherine (South Sinai governorate) in Egypt (cod. gr. 204, fol. 12r):
http://www.icon-art.info/hires.php?lng=en&type=1&id=2466

q) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in an eleventh-century Gospels of northern French origin (Paris, BnF, ms. Arsenal 592, fol. 105v):
http://tinyurl.com/qjphnha

r) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the early eleventh-century Limburg Gospels (Köln, Dombibliothek, Codex 218, fol. 108v):
http://tinyurl.com/p6czmca

s) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the early eleventh-century Reichenau Gospels (Munich, BSB, clm 4453, fol. 127v):
http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00004502/image_264

t) as depicted in the earlier eleventh-century mosaics (restored betw. 1953 and 1962) in the narthex of the church of the Theotokos in the monastery of Hosios Loukas near Distomo in Phokis:
http://tinyurl.com/nphh2vm

u) as depicted in an earlier eleventh-century Gospels from Constantinople (Paris, BnF, ms. Grec 64, fol. 101v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105157462/f212.image

v) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a later eleventh-century Gospels seemingly from southeastern France, perhaps Arles (Reims, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 13, fol. 92v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht6/IRHT_097742-p.jpg

w) as depicted in the later eleventh-century mosaics (ca. 1065) in the niches in front of the main door in the narthex in Venice's basilica cattedrale patriarcale di San Marco:
http://www.pbase.com/bmcmorrow/image/91368380
Detail view:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/28433765@N07/5319481115

x) as depicted in the later eleventh-century Cologne Gospels (ca. 1076-1100; London, BL, Harley MS 2820, fol. 120r):
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=harley_ms_2820_f120r

y) as depicted in the eleventh- and twelfth-century frescoes of the Elmali Church (Apple Church) at Göreme (Nevşehir province) in Turkey:
http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/image/41536848

z) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a fragmentary leaf from a late eleventh- or early twelfth-century bible (ca. 1100) from the abbey of Cluny in the Cleveland Museum of Art:
http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1968.190#

aa) as depicted in a twelfth-century Gospels, perhaps from Constantinople, with commentary (Paris, BnF, ms. Grec 189, fol. 206v):
http://tinyurl.com/ojfbdcb

bb) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a twelfth-century Gospels from Metz (Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 9395, fol. 93r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b103088868/f187.item

cc) as depicted (at lower right) in one of the early twelfth-century roundels of the evangelists on the central panel, commissioned in Constantinople in 1105 and bearing inscriptions in Latin, of the Pala d'Oro ("Golden Altar-frontal") in Venice's basilica cattedrale patriarcale di San Marco:
http://tinyurl.com/q47pen6
Detail view (Luke's roundel):
http://tinyurl.com/nwvz37n

dd) as depicted in an earlier twelfth-century Gospels from Agen or from the abbey of Moissac (Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 254, fol. 46v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426051s/f96.item.zoom

ee) as depicted in an earlier twelfth-century Gospels lectionary from the abbey of Saint-Évroult d'Ouche (betw. 1113 and 1133; Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 31, fol. 88r):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht6/IRHT_100216-p.jpg

ff) as depicted in an earlier twelfth-century Gospels from the abbey of Saint-Bénigne in Dijon (ca. 1126-1150; Dijon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 2, fol. 429v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht6/IRHT_093452-p.jpg
Detail view:
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht6/IRHT_093453-p.jpg

gg) as depicted (upper register at right) in the mid-twelfth-century apse mosaics (completed in 1148) of the basilica cattedrale della Trasfigurazione in Cefalù:
http://www.wga.hu/art/zgothic/mosaics/3cefalu/5cefalu.jpg

hh) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the later twelfth-century Bible of St.-Sulpice in Bourges (betw. 1176 and 1200; Bourges, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 3, fol. 323v):
http://tinyurl.com/3y5868q

ii) as portrayed in high relief (at right, below his calf / ox; at left, St. Mark) in a late twelfth-century jamb statue on the Galluspforte (the north portal; ca. 1180-1190) of the Basler Münster:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/martin-m-miles/7110881499/

jj) as twice depicted (with his calf / ox) in the late twelfth-century Souvigny Bible (Moulins, Médiathèque Communautaire de l'agglomération de Moulins, ms. 2):
1) At the beginning of his gospel (fol. 329v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht4/IRHT_080149-p.jpg
2) At the beginning of St. Jerome's commentary on Luke (fol. 342r):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht4/IRHT_080152-p.jpg

kk) as depicted (with two oxen) in the twelfth- or thirteenth-century Red Gospels of Ganjasar (Chicago, University of Chicago Library, Goodspeed Manuscript Collection, ms. 949, fol. 139v):
http://goodspeed.lib.uchicago.edu/view/index.php?doc=0949&obj=282

ll) as depicted in a thirteenth-century bible possibly of Italian origin (Le Puy-en-Velay, Bibliothèque du Puy en Velay, ms. 1, fol. 315v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht4/IRHT_080585-p.jpg

mm) as portrayed in relief in an earlier thirteenth-century vault boss (ca. 1215-1225?) in an apsidial chapel in the église Saint-Serge in Angers:
http://tinyurl.com/p4o7fdh

nn) as depicted (at far left) in the earlier thirteenth-century apse mosaic (1220) of the basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura in Rome:
http://tinyurl.com/358xl34

oo) as depicted by Toros Roslin in the later thirteenth-century Walters T'oros Roslin Gospels (a.k.a. Sebastia Gospels of 1262) from Armenian Cilicia (1262; Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, ms. W.539, fol. 200v):
http://tinyurl.com/qjcen74

pp) as depicted (lower register at left; with his calf / ox) by Cimabue in a later thirteenth-century fresco (betw. 1277 and 1283) in the crossing vault of the upper church of the basilica di San Francesco in Assisi:
http://tinyurl.com/qd4xaz2
Detail view (Luke):
http://tinyurl.com/pqvquzd

qq) as depicted in the late thirteenth-century Burney Gospels (1285; London, BL, MS Burney 20, fol. 142v):
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=burney_ms_20_f142v

rr) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in the late thirteenth-century Livre d'images de Madame Marie (ca. 1285-1290; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 74r):
http://tinyurl.com/n9c8h9r

ss) as depicted (at lower left; with his calf / ox) by Duccio di Buoninsegna in his relatively recently restored late thirteenth-century great window (1287-1288) for that city's cathedral (now in the Museo dell'Opera della Metropolitana):
http://tinyurl.com/qeqkzv2

tt) as depicted in the late thirteenth- or very early fourteenth-century frescoes (ca. 1290-1305) attributed to Manuel Panselinos in the Protaton church on Mt. Athos:
http://nevsepic.com.ua/uploads/posts/2011-06/1307716690_43_www.nevsepic.com.ua.jpg

uu) as portrayed in high relief (with his calf / ox) by Arnolfo da Cambio on his late thirteenth-century ciborium (1293) in the basilica di Santa Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome:
http://www.wga.hu/art/a/arnolfo/3/05evange.jpg

vv) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a fourteenth-century bible (Bible des Célestins / Bible of Charles V; Paris, BnF, ms. Arsenal 590, fol. 447r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84581342/f901.item.zoom

ww) as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century fresco (betw. ca. 1312 and 1321/1322) in a pendentive in the monastery church of the Theotokos at Gračanica in, depending on one's view of the matter, Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija or the Republic of Kosovo:
http://tinyurl.com/33shq5u

xx) as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1326-1350; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 185, fol. 68v):
http://tinyurl.com/oud2tng

yy) as depicted (at left, flanking the risen Jesus on the road to Emmaus; at right, St. Cleophas / Clopas) in an earlier fourteenth-century panel (later 1320s or 1330s) in a window (W 14 [also s VI]; "Vie surnaturelle du Christ" or "After the Passion") in Strasbourg's cathédrale Notre-Dame:
http://www.cathedrale-strasbourg.fr/popgallery.aspx?pic_id=2595&cat_id=118

zz) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in an earlier fourteenth-century French-language legendary of Parisian origin with illuminations attributed to the Fauvel Master (ca. 1327; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 183, fol. 73r):
http://tinyurl.com/p6nm8g5

aaa) as depicted (at right, flanking the risen Jesus on the road to Emmaus; at left, St. Cleophas / Clopas) in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (1330s) in the nave of the church of the Hodegetria in the Patriarchate of Peć at Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/28ov9yl
Detail view (Luke):
http://tinyurl.com/2aql7hd

bbb) as depicted (with his calf / ox) by Simone Martini in an earlier fourteenth-century panel painting (1330s) in the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles:
http://tinyurl.com/nmmlw2f
Detail view:
http://www.wga.hu/art/s/simone/7last/5luke.jpg

ccc) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in an earlier fourteenth-century copy, from the workshop of Richard and Jeanne de Montbaston, of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (1348; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 241, fol. 280r):
http://tinyurl.com/o7ebse7

ddd) as depicted in a later fourteenth-century Gospels from the monastery of Gamałiēl in Xizan (Paris, BnF, ms. Arménien 333, fol. 124v):
http://tinyurl.com/objf9o3

eee) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a later fourteenth-century panel painting (betw. 1357 and 1367) by Theodoric of Prague and workshop in the Holy Cross Chapel of Karlštejn Castle at Karlštejn in the Czech Republic:
http://tarvos.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/server/images/7014179.JPG

fff) as depicted (at right; at left, St. John the Baptist) by Giovanni da Milano in a later fourteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1360; from his dismembered Ognissanti Polyptych) in the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence:
http://tinyurl.com/nz3j343

ggg) as depicted in the later fourteenth-century frescoes (1360s and 1370s; restored, 1968-1970) in the church of St. Demetrius in Marko's Monastery at Markova Sušica:
http://tinyurl.com/o6mf7wv

hhh) as depicted by the Master of the Misericordia in a later fourteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1365-1370) in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan:
http://tinyurl.com/pwfbkek
NB: As those who have looked closely at what Luke appears to be writing will have guessed, this image is reversed. An expandable grayscale image is here:
http://tinyurl.com/ooows8t

iii) as depicted by Jacopo di Cione and workshop in a later fourteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1365-1370) in the National Gallery in London:
http://tinyurl.com/q9sj5e4

jjj) as depicted on a later fourteenth-century single leaf from Lake Tana in Ethiopia (betw. 1375 and 1400; Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, Ms. W/840):
http://tinyurl.com/ode87jk

kkk) As depicted on a pendentive in the late fourteenth-century frescoes of the cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior in Tsalenjikha, Georgia:
http://www.truechristianity.info/img/churches/georgia/tsalenjikha_cathedral_4.jpg

lll) as depicted by Giovanni di Benedetto and workshop in a late fourteenth-century Franciscan missal of Milanese origin (ca. 1385-1390; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 757, fol. 206v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8470209d/f416.image.r=

mmm) as depicted (with his calf / ox) by Spinello Aretino in two late fourteenth-century vault frescoes in Florence and vicinity:
1) in the chiesa di San Miniato al Monte in Florence (1387-1388):
http://tinyurl.com/phygyhs
2) in the oratorio di Santa Caterina delle Ruote in Bagnoli a Ripoli (ca. 1388; restored, 1996-1998):
http://tinyurl.com/oe5jcn8

nnn) as depicted in the late fourteenth-century frescoes (1389; restored in the early 1970s) in the monastery church of St. Andrew at Matka in Skopje's municipality of Karpoš:
http://tinyurl.com/gr49bg8
Detail view:
http://tinyurl.com/gmzbwvp

ooo) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in an early fifteenth-century copy of Guiard des Moulins' _Bible historiale_ (Paris, BnF, ms. Arsenal 5058, fol. 476v):
http://tinyurl.com/nt89ndw
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8458142m/f362.item.zoom

ppp) as portrayed by Nanni di Bianco in an early fifteenth-century statue (ca. 1408-1415) formerly on the facade of Florence's cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore and now in the Museo dell'Opera del duomo there:
http://tinyurl.com/owdz729
As seen from below:
http://tinyurl.com/nkqr4qb

qqq) as depicted (with a companion that looks more like the lion of St. Mark than either a calf or an ox) in the early fifteenth-century Hours of René of Anjou (ca. 1410; London, BL, MS Egerton 1070, fol. 104v; image expandable):
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=egerton_ms_1070_f104v

rrr) as depicted in an early fifteenth-century copy of the _Elsässische Legenda aurea_ (1419; Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Pal. germ. 144, fol. 163r):
http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg144/0341

sss) as portrayed in relief by Lorenzo Ghiberti in his earlier fifteenth-century gilded bronze plaques (completed, 1424) for the north door of the baptistery of Florence, now preserved there in the Museo dell'Opera del duomo:
http://tinyurl.com/q2m4xmt

ttt) as depicted in a full-page illumination in the earlier fifteenth-century Radoslav Gospel from Serbia (1428-1429; Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, ms. РНБ. F.I.591, fol. 3r):
http://tinyurl.com/q872my7

uuu) as portrayed in high relief (with his calf / ox) by Donatello in an earlier fifteenth-century terracotta roundel (betw. 1428 and 1445) in the old sacristy of Florence's basilica di San Lorenzo:
http://www.wga.hu/art/d/donatell/2_mature/sacristy/1sacri11.jpg

vvv) as depicted (with his calf / ox) by Piero della Francesca in a mid-fifteenth-century vault fresco (ca. 1450-1460) in the cappella dei Santi Michele e Pietro in Rome's basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore:
http://tinyurl.com/qxwmdpj

www) as depicted by Andrea Mantegna in the central panel of his mid-fifteenth-century St. Luke altarpiece (commissioned in 1453) in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan:
http://www.wga.hu/art/m/mantegna/02/sanluca4.jpg
The altarpiece as a whole:
http://www.wga.hu/art/m/mantegna/02/sanluca1.jpg

xxx) as depicted by Filippo Lippi in a mid-fifteenth-century vault fresco (ca. 1454) in the sanctuary of Prato's cattedrale di Santo Stefano:
http://www.wga.hu/art/l/lippi/filippo/1450pr/01stluke.jpg

yyy) as portrayed in relief (at center; with his calf / ox) on the later fifteenth-century pulpit (ca. 1460) in the Stiftskirche St. Goar in St. Goar (Lkr. Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis) in Rheinland-Pfalz:
http://travelswithsheila.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/collegiate-church-3.jpg

zzz) as portrayed in relief in a mid-fifteenth-century glazed terracotta roundel, variously ascribed to Luca della Robbia and workshop or to the aged Donatello, on a pendentive in the Cappella dei Pazzi (completed in 1460) in the Santa Croce complex in Florence:
http://www.florentinermuseen.com/foto/cappella%20pazzi/image/2.jpg

aaaa) as depicted (with his calf/ ox) in a later fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1460-1470) on a Sunday-side wing of an altar in the katholische Wallfahrtskirche Sankt Wolfgang in St. Wolfgang, a locality of Velburg (Lkr. Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz) in Bayern:
http://tarvos.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/server/images/7021949.JPG

bbbb) as depicted (at left, with his calf / ox; at right, St. Mark) on a section of the later fifteenth-century rood screen (ca. 1480) in the church of All Saints, Morston (Norfolk):
https://www.flickr.com/photos/paulodykes/7482944470
Detail view (at left, the calf / ox):
https://www.flickr.com/photos/paulodykes/7482805504

cccc) as depicted (with his calf / ox and with a painting of the BVM) in a later fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language translation by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1480-1490; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 245, fol. 141r):
http://tinyurl.com/nooaell

dddd) as depicted (with his calf / ox) in a late fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1480-1500) on an outer wing of the Siebenhirten Altarpiece (a.k.a. Apostle Altarpiece) in the Pfrarrkirche of Lieseregg, a locality of Seeboden am Millstätter See (Land Kärnten):
http://tarvos.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/server/images/7002159.JPG

eeee) as depicted (with his calf / ox) by Domenico Ghirlandaio in a late fifteenth-century vault fresco (ca. 1485-1490) in the cappella Tornabuoni in Florence's chiesa di Santa Maria Novella:
http://www.wga.hu/art/g/ghirland/domenico/6tornab/63tornab/7vault4.jpg

ffff) as portrayed by Tilman Riemenschneider in a late fifteenth-century glazed limewood statue from the St. Mary Magdalene altarpiece in Münnerstadt (1490-1492), now in the Bode-Museum in Berlin:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/grahamfellows/8141405053

gggg) as depicted (at left, followed by St. John and by St. Mary Magdalene) on the probably early sixteenth-century rood screen in the church of St. Andrew, Bramfield (Suffolk):
http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/02/49/83/2498399_849948f4.jpg
Detail view:
http://www.britainexpress.com/images/attractions/editor/Bramfield-4706.jpg

hhhh) as portrayed (with his calf / ox) in an earlier sixteenth-century polychromed wooden statue (ca. 1500-1520) in the Kirche St. Thomas in Hirschzell, a _Stadtteil_ of Kaufbeuren:
http://tarvos.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/server/images/7017753.JPG

Best,
John Dillon

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