Residual stresses in rocks have been long known not only at the large scale in mines, tunnels, and bore holes, but within rocks among the coexisting minerals. My work with collaborators, that of Jeff Harris currently at Glasgow and collaborators at the University of London, and going back to Henry Clifton Sorby at Sheffield have concerned this smaller scale. For example, one doesn't want to line a fire pit with quartzite boulders if concerned with his or her safety! Other examples consist of shattered garnets and birefingent halloes around olivine inclusions and fractures and birefringent haloes and fractures around pyrope garnet and olivine inclusions in diamonds (well-known to jewelers!).
John L. Rosenfeld
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From: Tectonics & structural geology discussion list [[log in to unmask]] on behalf of Riccardo Caputo [[log in to unmask]]
Sent: Friday, September 16, 2016 6:45 AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: Residual stress in rocks?
Dear all
the so called "residual stress" (or it would be better to say the mining and petroleum engineering evidences) are exactly the result of a modified field of forces applied to a rock volume. Indeed, this 'external' (to the body) change implies an 'internal' variation of the stress tensor and with this variation at a given point/time critical conditions (i.e. strength) could be reached, thus giving the above mentioned evidence (like AE, microseismicity, borehole deformation, etc.).
In my opinion, referring to residual stresses for describing such phenomena instead of focusing on the sudden and (locally) strong change of the anthropogenic 'genetic' component of the stress tensor, would be somehow misleading.
Regards
Riccardo
On 16/09/2016 10:48, Taija Torvela wrote:
Dear Mark
Residual stresses have been long known by mine and tunnel engineers as well as petroleum engineers and it directly affects well, mine shaft and tunnel planning especially at great depths due to significant tunnel/well deformation and danger of rock bursts.
A quick Google Scholar search with keywords such as residual rock stresses or in-situ rock stresses should get you started. References may include works like:
Mathar J (1932) Ermittlungen von Eigenspannungen durch Messung von Bohrloch-verformungen. Arch Eisenhüttenwes 6(6):277–281
Hast N (1955) The measurement of rock pressure in mines. Sveriges Geologiska Untersókning, Årsbok Serie C: Avhandlingar och Uippsatser 560, Stockholm
Lu J (ed) (1996) Handbook of measurement of residual stresses. Chapter 2: hole-drilling and ring core methods. Fairmont, Lilburn
Holzhausen & Johnson (1979). The concept of residual stress in rock. Tectonophysics 58, 237-267.
ASTM (2008) Determining residual stresses by the hole-drilling strain-gage method. ASTM Standard test method E837-08. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken
Have fun digging deep!
Taija
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Dr Taija Torvela
Lecturer
University of Leeds
School of Earth and Environment
Earth and Environment Building
Leeds
LS2 9JT
UK
+44 113 343 6620
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Now with mining options!
The Virtual Seismic Atlas –
www.seismicatlas.org<http://www.seismicatlas.org/>
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From: Tectonics & structural geology discussion list <[log in to unmask]><mailto:[log in to unmask]> on behalf of Steven Micklethwaite <[log in to unmask]><mailto:[log in to unmask]>
Sent: 16 September 2016 08:55
To: [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: Residual stress in rocks?
Dear Mark,
Residual stress is a real phenomenon, poorly understood in Earth Science but perhaps better understood by material scientists/engineers. It is the stress approaching equilibrium in the interior of a rock or mineral, when neither normal or shear stresses are being transmitted through its surface. Crystal-plastic deformation or phase transitions are potentially responsible for the development of residual stresses in earth materials.
It can be measured directly using synchrotron x-ray radiation. It is possibly amenable to neutron diffraction analysis as well. If you achieve some reasonable results in your research it will be a very interesting result and potentially quite high impact.
For a recent study I recommend;
Chen et al., GEOLOGY, March 2015; v. 43; no. 3; p. 219–222
Also the excellent text book;
Zang & Stephansson, Stress Field of the Earth's Crust, Springer.
I'm actively working on this and am open to discussing collaborations in the field.
Regards,
Steven Micklethwaite
Assoc.Prof. School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment,
Rm 144, 9 Rainforest Walk (Bldg 28)
Monash University
Clayton, VIC.
0428 231002
skype: micklethw.structure
On 16 September 2016 at 02:16, Mark Burdett <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
Dear All
Do rocks retain a residual stress?
This is a concept I have often heard implied but I had never seen any research that looked to directly test it. I have one rock mechanics paper (Bott, 1970) that used stress gauges in a basalt to suggest the presence of a residual stress (due to volume change during crystallisation I assume but not stated), but am having difficulty in finding more on the topic of residual stress.
Therefore, I am seeking research papers, experiments, and options from a geological and rock mechanics perspective on the concept of residual stress in rocks due to factors such as lithofication/burial, brittle and ductile deformation, volume change during solidification of magma, and/or mechanical loading (intact rock testing etc.).
References and/or reprint PDF of hard to find texts would be greatly appreciated and best sent off list to: [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>
Many thanks,
Mark
Monash University
Melbourne
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