medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Image of Circumcision in stained glass roundel of c.1500 now in St
Oswald Malpas in Cheshire:
Malpas, St Oswald, Cheshire, nV, 1c, Cologne area, c.1500:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/5490049810
and detail:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/5489456189
Gordon Plumb
-----Original Message-----
From: John Dillon <[log in to unmask]>
To: MEDIEVAL-RELIGION <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Fri, 1 Jan 2016 10:14
Subject: [M-R] FEAST - Two Celebrations for Today (Jan. 1): Mary, the
Mother of God; the Circumcision of Jesus
medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and
culture
In the general Roman Calendar 1. January is the feast of Mary, the
Mother of God. Greek Orthodox churches celebrate the Synaxis of the
Holy Theotokos on 26. December. Neither date works as an anniversary
of the adoption of Mary's designation as Theotokos ("Mother of God") by
the Council of Ephesus (held in June and July 431); both bespeak rather
a desire for a specifically Marian commemoration within the octave of
the Nativity. Whereas this feast is attested from sixth-century Rome,
for most of the western Middle Ages 1. January was principally the day
of the Feast of the Circumcision, a fourth-century feast in the east
that seems to have been adopted in Rome in the seventh or eighth
century and that lasted on the general Roman Calendar from the latter's
late sixteenth-century inception until its revision of 1969. The
circumcision of Jesus, mentioned only circumstantially in the revised
Roman Martyrology's _laterculus_ for today's Solemnity of Mary the
Mother of God, remains a focus for the feast of the Circumcision
celebrated on this day in Byzantine-rite churches and, as that of the
Naming and Circumcision of Jesus, in churches of the Anglican
Communion. According to Luke 2:21, a traditional reading on this
feast, Jesus' circumcision on the octave of his birth was the occasion
of his naming. Re-titled and re-imagined as that of the Holy Name of
Jesus, the feast so construed is celebrated on 1. January in yet other
churches and on 3. January in the Roman Catholic Church.
Herewith some links to period-pertinent images of the Circumcision of
Jesus:
a) as depicted in the late tenth- or very early eleventh-century
so-called Menologion of Basil II (Città del Vaticano, BAV, cod. Vat.
gr. 1613, p. 287):
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Menologion_of_Basil_047.jpg
b) as depicted by Nicholas of Verdun on an enameled plaque of his late
twelfth-century altarpiece (ca. 1181) for the abbey of Klosterneuburg
near Vienna:
https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6208/6073659927_c5f5514ecb.jpg
c) as depicted in a number of mid-thirteenth- to late fifteenth-century
illuminations in manuscripts now in French collections (images
expandable):
http://tinyurl.com/7n6lweh
d) as depicted in a panel of the late thirteenth-century Life of Mary
and Infancy of Jesus window (w. 6, panel 18) in the église
Saint-Sulpice in Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières (Essonne):
http://therosewindow.com/pilot/st%20sulpice%20le%20faviere/EwSa-18.htm
e) as depicted in a late thirteenth-century copy of French origin of
the _Legenda aurea_ (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, ms. HM 3027,
fol. 16r):
http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ds/huntington/images//000856A.jpg
f) as depicted in the late thirteenth-century Livre d'images de Madame
Marie (ca. 1285-1290; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française
16251, fol. 23r):
http://tinyurl.com/p29l922
g) as depicted in an initial on a detached leaf, from an early
fourteenth-century antiphoner from Regensburg, in the Walters Art
Gallery and Museum, Baltimore (Walters ms. W 754AV):
https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8185/8371415982_50189af2cd_b.jpg
h) as depicted by the Master of the Tree of Life in a detail of his
mid-fourteenth-century Tree of Life fresco (ca. 1347) in the basilica
di Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo:
http://tinyurl.com/grpuobw
The painting in its entirety:
http://tinyurl.com/onzznz9
i) as depicted in the later fourteenth-century Breviary of Charles V
(ca. 1364-1370; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin Latin 1052, fol. 36v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84525491/f82.item.zoom
j) as depicted in a later fourteenth-century copy (ca. 1370-1380) of
part of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its
French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle
acquisition française 15940, fol. 26v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449693p/f60.item.zoom
k) as depicted by Giovanni di Benedetto and workshop in a late
fourteenth-century Franciscan missal of Milanese origin (ca. 1385-1390;
Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 757, fol. 291v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8470209d/f586.item.zoom
l) as depicted in the very late fourteenth- or earlier
fifteenth-century Breviary of Martin of Aragon (Paris, BnF, ms.
Rothschild 2529, fol. 141v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000996s/f284.item.zoom
m) as depicted in an earlier fifteenth-century copy of Guillaume de
Deguileville's (or Degulleville's) _Pèlerinage de vie humaine_ and
other writings (betw. 1426 and 1450; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 376, fol.
176r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84702013/f355.item.zoom
n) as depicted (lowest register) in the earlier fifteenth-century Hours
of Jean de Montauban (ca. 1430; Rennes, Bibliothèque de Rennes
Metropole, ms. 1834, fol. 47r):
http://tinyurl.com/l7defp7
o) as depicted by the Masters of the Delft Grisailles in an inserted
earlier fifteenth-century grisaille in a later fifteenth-century Hours
of the BVM from Naples (ca. 1440; Den Haag, KB, ms. 135 E 23, fol. 53v):
http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_135e23%3A053v_min
p) as depicted by Beato Angelico in a mid-fifteenth-century panel
painting (ca. 1451; from his Armadio degli Argenti) in the Museo
nazionale di San Marco in Florence:
http://www.wga.hu/art/a/angelico/11/armadio8.jpg
q) as depicted in a later fifteenth-century glass window panel (ca.
1460-1470) from Köln in The Cloisters Collection of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, new York:
http://www.ipernity.com/doc/laurieannie/35821507
r) as depicted in a later fifteenth-century glass window (ca.
1467-1469; w. 2) in the cathédrale Notre-Dame in Évreux:
http://therosewindow.com/pilot/Evreux/w2-B2-whole.htm
s) as depicted by Michael Pacher in a panel painting on a wing of his
later fifteenth-century St. Wolfgang Altarpiece (center completed,
1479; wings completed, 1481) in the Wallfahrtskirche St. Wolfgang in
Wolfgangsee (Land Salzburg):
http://tinyurl.com/gssatd9
t) as portrayed in polychromed wooden figures from a later
fifteenth-century altarpiece from Brabant (ca. 1480) in the
Bode-Museum, Berlin:
http://tinyurl.com/jxvjtw3
u) as depicted by the Elmelunde workshop in the late fifteenth-century
paintings (ca. 1481) in Fanefjord Kirke, Fanefjord, Vordingborg
Kommune, Sjælland:
http://ica.princeton.edu/images/mills/08-027.jpg
v) as depicted by a follower of Willem Vrelant in an illuminated
initial in a late fifteenth-century Hours of the BVM (ca. 1490; Den
Haag, Museum Meermanno, ms. 10 F 1, fol. 98v):
http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_mmw_10f1%3A098v_init
w) as depicted by Hugues Le Coq (possibly from cartoons by Pierre
Spicre) in a late fifteenth-century tapestry of the Life of the BVM (in
five separate segments, of which the last is dated 1500) in the
collégiale Notre-Dame in Beaune:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/morio60/23293556706
x) as portrayed by Jörg Ratgeb in an earlier sixteenth-century fresco
(ca. 1514-1521; restored, 2009) in the cloister of the former Carmelite
monastery in Frankfurt am Main:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/hen-magonza/6987921695/
y) as portrayed by Jean Soulas in an earlier sixteenth-century set of
stone sculptures (1521-1535) on the choir screen of the basilique
cathédrale Notre-Dame in Chartres:
https://enthusiastical.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/dsc02098.jpg
z) as portrayed in polychromed wooden figures on an earlier
sixteenth-century altarpiece from Antwerp (ca. 1535) showing scenes
from the Life of the Virgin and the Infancy of Christ, now in the Museo
Civico d'Arte Antica (Palazzo Madama) in Turin:
http://tinyurl.com/pp2czjy
Best,
John Dillon
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