medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Some period-pertinent images of Sergius (S.) and/or Bacchus (B.):
a) S. as depicted on a sixth- or seventh-century pilgrim ampule in the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore:
http://tinyurl.com/oee22rm
b) S. as depicted in an earlier seventh-century mosaic in the church of St. Demetrius in Thessaloniki:
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser08a03.jpg
c) S. (at left) and B. as depicted in a seventh(?)-century icon, probably of Constantinopolitan origin, that once belonged to the Holy Monastery of the God-trodden Mount Sinai in St. Catherine (South Sinai governorate) and that now is in the Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko Museum of Arts in Kyiv / Kiev:
http://tinyurl.com/4hr6w3
http://www.icon-art.info/hires.php?lng=en&type=1&id=1928
d) S. as depicted in a mid-eighth-century fresco in the Deir es Souriâni (Deir Surian; "Monastery of the Syrians") in Wadi an-Natrun (Beheira governorate):
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser02a07.jpg
e) S. (at far right) and B. (at center, about to be executed by the sword) as depicted in the late tenth- or very early eleventh-century so-called Menologion of Basil II (Città del Vaticano, BAV, cod. Vat. gr. 1613, p. 95; reduced, grayscale image):
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser1011.jpg
f) S. and B. as depicted in earlier eleventh-century frescoes (restored betw. 1953 and 1962) in the katholikon of the monastery of Hosios Loukas near Distomo in Phokis:
S.:
http://tinyurl.com/yaxz73j
B.:
http://tinyurl.com/yeorf36
The frescoes _in situ_:
http://tinyurl.com/23rbzxk
g) S. and B. as depicted in the mid-eleventh-century mosaics of the Nea Moni on Chios:
S.:
http://tinyurl.com/23xgyxr
B.:
http://tinyurl.com/28ttj6k
h) B. as depicted in a late eleventh-century mosaic in the katholikon of the Daphni monastery, Chaidari (Attika regional authority):
http://tinyurl.com/36awjdu
i) S. (at left) and B. (receiving martyr's crowns from Christ) as depicted in a twelfth-century legendary from Echternach (ca. 1125-1175; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 9740, fol. 212v; grayscale image):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9067063n/f214.image
j) S. and B. as portrayed on the cover of a later twelfth-century sarcophagus (1179) in Verona's Museo civico di Castelvecchio:
http://tinyurl.com/432655
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ahgeek/3647830242/#/
Detail views:
http://tinyurl.com/3xtm4up
http://tinyurl.com/32a3x3
Other views of this sarcophagus:
http://tinyurl.com/3y3bblv
http://tinyurl.com/pxl9uaa
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ahgeek/3647837884/in/photostream/
k) S. as depicted in a later thirteenth-century fresco (either ca. 1263-1270 or slightly later) in the nave of the monastery church of the Holy Trinity at Sopoćani in, depending on one's view of the matter, Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija or the Republic of Kosovo:
http://tinyurl.com/25yjzgn
Detail view:
http://tinyurl.com/24zxfgt
l) S. as depicted in a later thirteenth-century 'Crusader' icon (ca. 1260), showing a female donor, in the Holy Monastery of the God-trodden Mount Sinai, Saint Catherine (South Sinai governorate):
http://tinyurl.com/3jrj5lp
m) S. and B. as depicted in the late thirteenth-century frescoes (ca. 1295) by Eutychios and Michael Astrapas in the church of the Peribleptos (now Sv. Kliment Ohridski) in Ohrid:
S.:
http://tinyurl.com/p8skz5y
B.:
http://tinyurl.com/o3vgec5
In these portraits S. and B. wear the ornate collars (_maniakia_) that are their frequent attributes.
n) S. and B. as depicted in the late thirteenth- or very early fourteenth-century frescoes (ca. 1290-1305) attributed to Manuel Panselinos in the Protaton church on Mt. Athos:
S:
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser0804.jpg
B.:
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser0803.jpg
o) S. (at left) and B. as depicted in a late thirteenth- or very early fourteenth-century icon, probably from Wadi an-Natrun, in the Coptic Museum in Cairo:
http://tinyurl.com/8gof7wv
p) S. and B. as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. ca. 1308 and ca. 1320) by Michael Astrapas and Eutychios in the church of St. Nicetas the Goth (Sv. Nikita) at Čučer in today's Čučer-Sandevo in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
S.:
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser2602.jpg
B:
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser2603.jpg
q) S. (at left) and B. as depicted in October calendar portraits in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. ca. 1312 and 1321/1322) of the nave of the monastery church of the Theotokos at Gračanica in, depending upon one's view of the matter, the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/ydybgsa
r) S. (at left) and B. as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1313 and 1318; conservation work in 1968) by Michael Astrapas and Eutychios in the church of St. George in Staro Nagoričane in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser2601.jpg
s) B. as depicted in a damaged earlier fourteenth-century mosaic portrait (betw. 1315 and 1321) in the parecclesion of Constantinople's Chora church (Kariye Camii), now a secular museum in Istanbul:
http://tinyurl.com/25up6t
The corresponding portrait of S. has been very largely defaced.
t) S. and B. as depicted (panel at lower right; martyrdom) in an earlier fourteenth-century pictorial menologion from Thessaloniki (betw. 1322 and 1340; Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Gr. th. f. 1, fol. 12r):
http://image.ox.ac.uk/images/bodleian/msgrthf1/12r.jpg
u) S. and B. as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (1330s) in the church of the Holy Savior (Sv. Spas; a.k.a. church of the Presentation of the Theotokos) at Kučevište in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
S.:
http://tinyurl.com/nbvygj4
B.:
http://tinyurl.com/qgjvs5c
v) S. (at left) and B. as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (1330s) in the nave of the church of the Hodegetria in the Patriarchate of Peć at Peć in, depending upon one's view of the matter, either Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija or the Republic of Kosovo:
http://tinyurl.com/ydz5o4p
w) The martyrdom of S. and B. as depicted in an October calendar scene in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1335 and 1350) of the narthex in the church of the Holy Ascension at the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/ya22bd9
x) S. (at left) and B. as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (1340s) in the monastery church of St. Michael the Archangel at Lesnovo in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
http://tinyurl.com/q4twzaz
y) S. and B. as depicted (martyrdom; along with the martyrdom of Marcellus and Apuleius) in the mid- to later fourteenth-century Breviary of Charles V (betw. 1347 and 1380; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 1052, fol. 529r; image greatly expandable):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84525491/f1067.image
In the late medieval Use of Rome Sergius and Bacchus shared 7. October with Sts. Marcellus and Apuleius (reputed adherents of Simon Magus who were converted to Christianity by St. Peter and were later martyred, these were removed from the Roman Calendar in its revision of 1969 and from the Roman Martyrology in its revision of 2001 but remain in local and regional calendars). Illuminators of service books of the Roman Use, having only limited space in which to work and lacking knowledge of the _maniakia_ that in non-Latin traditions were attributes of Sergius and Bacchus, depicted these martyrs in ways leaving the reader to guess which saints are which.
z) S. (in the foreground) and B. (but where?) as depicted (along with one or both of Marcellus and Apuleius) in a later fourteenth-century Roman missal of north Italian origin (ca. 1370; Avignon, Bibliothèque-Médiathèque Municipale Ceccano, ms. 136, fol. 275v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht2/IRHT_055391-p.jpg
aa) S. and B. as depicted (with Sts. Marcellus and Apuleius) in a late fifteenth-century Roman missal (1483; Lyon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms 5123, fol. 348v):
http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_02ENL01001Ms51233922
bb) S. (in the foreground) and B. (but where?) as depicted (with Sts. Marcellus and Apuleius) in a late fifteenth-century Roman breviary (after 1482; Clermont-Ferrand, Bibliothèque du patrimoine, ms. 69, fol. 585v):
http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht4/IRHT_081407-p.jpg
cc) S. and B. as depicted (left margin, second from top) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Beloit College copy of Hartmann Schedel's late fifteenth-century _Weltchronik_ (_Nuremberg Chronicle_; 1493) at fol. CXXVv):
http://www.beloit.edu/nuremberg/book/6th_age/left_page/29%20%28Folio%20CXXVv%29.pdf
dd) S. and B. as depicted in the early sixteenth-century frescoes (1502) by Dionisy and sons in the Virgin Nativity cathedral of the St. Ferapont Belozero (Ferapontov Belozersky) monastery at Ferapontovo in Russia's Vologda oblast:
http://www.dionisy.com/img/139/frag_lg.jpg
ee) S. and B. as depicted by Theofanis Strelitzas-Bathas (Theophanes the Cretan) and sons in their earlier sixteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1535 and 1540) in the katholikon of the Great Lavra on Mt. Athos:
http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/mar/ser0807.jpg
ff) S. and B. as depicted (martyrdom) in the mid-sixteenth-century frescoes (1546/47) by George / Tzortzis the Cretan in the Dionysiou monastery on Mt. Athos:
http://tinyurl.com/oz5ur4t
Best,
John Dillon
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