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MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: OBESITY :
PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND FITNESS :
TRANSPORTATION: PUBLIC URBAN AND PASSENGER:
Associations between Active Commuting, Body Fat, and Body Mass Index:
Population Based, Cross Sectional Study in the United Kingdom
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Associations between Active Commuting, Body Fat, and Body Mass Index:
Population Based, Cross Sectional Study in the United Kingdom
Ellen Flint, research fellow1,
Steven Cummins, professor of population health1,
Amanda Sacker, professor of lifecourse studies2
BMJ 2014; 349
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4887
(Published 19 August 2014)
Cite this as: BMJ 2014;349:g4887
http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4887
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Abstract
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Objective To determine if promotion of active modes of travel is an
effective strategy for obesity prevention by assessing whether active
commuting (walking or cycling for all or part of the journey to work) is
independently associated with objectively assessed biological markers of
obesity.
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snip
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Results Results from multivariate linear regression analyses suggest that,
compared with using private transport, commuting by public or active
transport modes was significantly and independently predictive of lower
BMI for both men and women. In fully adjusted models, men who commuted via
public or active modes had BMI scores 1.10 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.67) and 0.97
(0.40 to 1.55) points lower, respectively, than those who used private
transport. Women who commuted via public or active modes had BMI scores
0.72 (0.06 to 1.37) and 0.87 (0.36 to 0.87) points lower, respectively,
than those using private transport. Results for percentage body fat were
similar in terms of magnitude, significance, and direction of effects.
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Conclusions Men and women who commuted to work by active and public modes
of transport had significantly lower BMI and percentage body fat than
their counterparts who used private transport. These associations were not
attenuated by adjustment for a range of hypothesised confounding factors.
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snip
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A key finding from this study is that the effects observed for public
transport were very similar in size and significance to those for walking
or cycling to work. This finding may have important implications for
transport and health policy, as over the past decade the proportion of
commuters who walk or cycle to work has remained stubbornly low outside
major cities in the UK.28 Greater emphasis on encouraging a shift from
private to public transport modes may plausibly have significant
population health benefits and may be more acceptable to commuters. Such a
strategy could also yield large environmental benefits, and could be an
important structural intervention to combat obesity.
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The magnitude of effects observed in this study were clinically
meaningful. The observed effect size for men of around 1 (0.97 to 1.1) BMI
point suggests that, for the average man in the sample (43 years old, 176
cm tall, weight 86 kg, and BMI 27.8), this would equate to a difference in
weight of 3 kg (almost half a stone). For the average woman in the sample
(43 years old, 163 cm tall, weight 72.8 kg, BMI 27.4), an effect size of
around 0.7 (0.66 to 0.72) BMI points would correspond to a difference in
weight of approximately 2.5 kg (5.5 lb). These differences are larger than
the effect sizes seen in most individually focused interventions based on
diet and physical activity to prevent overweight and obesity.29
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Add Public Transportation to Your Weight Loss Plans
Dave Greenbaum
Filed to: weight loss
health
exercise
commuting
public transit
Life Hacker
http://lifehacker.com/add-public-transportation-
to-your-weight-loss-plans-1650386804
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/ppzzawq
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Finding time to exercise is tough. You can squeeze in some extra calorie
burning by skipping the car and taking public transportation instead. It
isn't the same as going for a run, but a recent study suggests taking the
bus or train could still make a difference.
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snip
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"Public transport use involves a greater level of incidental physical
activity than we commonly assume," says lead author Ellen Flint, a
research fellow at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
"Walking from your home to the bus stop, standing in a busy train
carriage, sprinting up the station stairs to change platforms; a public
transport journey usually involves more exertion than traveling by car."
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The complete articles may be read at the URLs provided for each.
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