Hi Pam,
thie following paper deals with a pathological horse sine, but may be
of interest:
Bartosiewicz, Laszlo & Bartosiewicz, Gabor (2002): Bamboo Spine in a
Migration Period Horse from Hungary. – Journal of Archaeological
Science 29, 819-830
Best
Christian
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Am 04.09.2013 um 18:59 schrieb Pam Cross:
> Hi all
>
> I have an unusual specimen which I am writing up for a journal
> article: an equid with 8 distinct cervical vertebra.
>
> I am looking for references to discuss this developmental anomaly.
> My research indicates that while vertebral malformation is not
> uncommon, it usually involves lack of development or fusion,
> occasionally pseudo ribs. Many anomalies appear in transitional
> Morphology areas, usually: C-T, mid T (morph change), T-L, L-S, S-
> C. In terms of morph. changes, I suppose that C1-C2, C2-C3 can also
> be considered such transitional areas. I have found references
> regarding malformation/fusion issues between the body and dens, but
> this appears to be a C2 which has developed as two more or less
> 'complete' separate vertebrae.
>
> The remaining spinal morphology looks essentially normal except for
> minor malformation of the caudal 1 and 2 which appear somewhat
> sacralized but are not fused to the sacrum.
>
> Any references or examples of similar development... comments/
> discussion/refs on etiology are much appreciated!
>
> Photos posted on academia: http://bradford.academia.edu/PamCross
>
> Pamela J Cross
> PhD researcher, Bioarchaeology
> Horses of Men & Gods project (AHRC, NT & MoL)
> Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
> p.j.cross (at) student.bradford.ac.uk / pajx (at) aol.com
> http://www.barc.brad.ac.uk/resstud_Cross.php
> http://bradford.academia.edu/PamCross
>
>
> While looking for refs I came across these 3 articles - which I'm
> happy to share off-list:
>
> GALIS, F.; 1999; Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical
> vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes, and cancer;
> Journal of Experimental Zoology; 285(1): 19-26.
>
> NARITA, Y. & KURATANI, S.; 2005; Evolution of the Vertebral
> Formulae in Mammals: A Perspective on Developmental Constraints;
> JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY (MOL DEV EVOL); 304(B): 91–106.
>
> BUCHHOLTZ, E. A. & STEPIEN, C. C.; 2009; Anatomical transformation
> in mammals: developmental origin of aberrant cervical anatomy in
> tree sloths; EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT; 11(1): 69-79.
>
>
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