medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Today (6. November) is the feast day of:
Leonard of Noblac (d. 6th cent., supposedly). L. (also L. of Limoges) is first heard from in the early years of the eleventh century. A little before 1028, St. Fulbert of Chartres received through an intermediary a request from the bishop of Limoges to write a Vita of L.; very shortly after that, Adémar of Chabannes (not yet notorious for his historical falsifications) wrote in his _Historiae_ that in 1017 L., a confessor in the Limousin, had become popular for his miracles. By a little after 1030, L. had a legendary Vita (BHL 4862; not by Fulbert) that made him a Frankish noble who was both a close friend of Clovis and a disciple of St. Remigius. Clovis was said to have given L. the power, which he used liberally, to obtain from him the release of prisoners. This trait made L. a natural recourse for ordinary people who had fallen afoul of the justice of local lords; before the century was out, it would also make him popular with pilgrims and with Crusaders.
Still according to the legend, L. declined the offer of a bishopric and instead became a monk at Micy and later an hermit in the Limousin, where he founded his subsequently famous abbey at Noblac (today's Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat [Haute-Vienne]). The land for this foundation is said in the Vita to have been given to L. in recompense for his having obtained through his prayers an easy childbirth for Clovis' queen. Aid to pregnant women was an element of L.'s construction that drew many to this abbey and to his later cult sites.
The abbey at Noblac lay on one of the pilgrim routes across France toward Compostela and benefited mightily from this. An Italian-language account is here:
http://www.chiesainrete.it/arciconfraternita/libro/cap_15.htm
And a brief French-language one, with expandable views, is here:
http://architecture.relig.free.fr/noblat.htm
A model of the abbey church:
http://tinyurl.com/yz25nv
Other views:
http://www.chiesainrete.it/arciconfraternita/vedo-citta.htm
http://tinyurl.com/66jd6h
http://tinyurl.com/34k2ted
http://tinyurl.com/2g9mhvk
http://tinyurl.com/5rzwzv
http://tinyurl.com/65gk5f
L.'s tomb:
http://tinyurl.com/66sokf
Still in France, some views of the remains of the originally earlier eleventh-century prieuré Saint-Léonard in L'Île-Bouchard (Indre-et-Loire):
http://tinyurl.com/2w45lae
http://tinyurl.com/32rkr54
http://tinyurl.com/2e9lbkb
http://tinyurl.com/26u288x
Medievally, L.'s cult in Italy extended (as it still does) from the Dolomites to the Ionian and across the Strait of Messina to Sicily. Perhaps L.'s best known monument here is the former monastery of San Leonardo di Lama Volara outside of Manfredonia (FG) in northern Apulia. From the early twelfth century until 1250 this was a house of canons regular. In 1261 it was given to the Teutonic Knights. An Italian-language account is here:
http://www.gargano.it/visitare/manfred2.php
An illustrated website is here:
http://www.garganonline.net/s.Leo0.html
Various views:
http://www.manfredoniaeventi.it/sanleonardo/solstizio/index_2.htm
http://www.manfredoniaeventi.it/sanleonardo/solstizio/index.htm
http://www.thais.it/architettura/romanica/schede/sc_00155_uk.htm
The page on this church at Italia nell'Arte Medievale has good detail views of its carvings:
http://tinyurl.com/3y3plck
b) Not dissimilar in general appearance is the originally early twelfth-century chiesa di San Leonardo in Treponzio (since rebuilt), near Capannori (LU) in Tuscany. This too once had an adjacent hospital:
http://www.luccaterre.it/scheda.php?id=2797〈=en
http://tinyurl.com/ybwmbep
c) The originally thirteenth-/fourteenth-century church of the eremo di San Leonardo al Lago at Monteriggioni (SI) in Tuscany is famous for its fourteenth-century frescoes by Lippo Vanni (ca. 1360). A brief, Italian-language account is here:
http://tinyurl.com/2ujz2rj
Multiple views of the church:
http://tinyurl.com/5vy6bd
http://tinyurl.com/yqquly
And one good view of the exterior:
http://tinyurl.com/2ecajg
An expandable view of one of Lippo Vanni's frescoes at San Leonardo al Lago, "The Betrothal of the Virgin", is here:
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/v/vanni_l/index.html
d) A few illustrated, Italian-language pages on the originally late thirteenth-century chiesa dei Santi Leonardo e Cristoforo in Monticchiello (SI) in Tuscany:
http://tinyurl.com/25ret9s
http://tinyurl.com/2fpqxlp
http://www.abbazie.com/chiese/slc_monticchiello_it.html
e) Other medieval dedications to L. in Tuscany are shown here, sometimes with active links to sites devoted to a particular one:
http://www.chiesainrete.it/arciconfraternita/toscana.htm
f) The originally thirteenth-century church of San Leonardo at Campobasso (CB) in Molise:
http://tinyurl.com/ymdoxk
http://tinyurl.com/yla8dr
http://www.chiesainrete.it/arciconfraternita/campobasso1.htm
g) The originally thirteenth-century church of San Leonardo a Castelmauro (CB) in Molise:
http://tinyurl.com/ykw48tm
http://tinyurl.com/3xxgt8t
h) The originally twelfth- or thirteenth-century basilica di San Leonardo at Siete Fuentes, a locality of Santulussurgiu (OR) in Sardinia.
Illustrated, brief Italian-language accounts:
http://www.ilportalesardo.it/monumenti/orsantulussurgiu.htm
http://web.tiscalinet.it/d1ego/santuluss/turismo.htm#SanLeonardo
A more detailed, illustrated, Italian-language account:
http://tinyurl.com/ybdz5jh
i) The originally fifteenth-century church of San Leonardo at Serramanna (MD) in Sardinia.
Italian-language accounts:
http://web.tiscali.it/sanleonardo/chiesa/cenni_storici.htm
http://web.tiscali.it/sanleonardo/chiesa/la_chiesa.htm
Exterior views (NB: The facade was rebuilt in the twentieth century):
http://www.ilportalesardo.it/monumenti/caserramanna.htm
http://web.tiscali.it/sanleonardo/foto/foto_varie_serramanna/chiesa.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/y27pgt
http://web.tiscali.it/sanleonardo/foto/foto_varie_serramanna/chiesa2.jpg
Some views here (all expandable) show Catalan Gothic aspects of the nave:
http://web.tiscali.it/sanleonardo/chiesa/foto_della_chiesa.htm
j) The early fifteenth-century church of San Leonardo (replacing one of the twelfth) at Chieri (TO) in Piedmont:
http://tinyurl.com/5ms5v8
http://www.chieri.info/contents/chiesa-sanleonardo-chieri.php
Some dedications to L. in German-speaking areas:
a) The originally earlier twelfth-century Kapelle zum Hl. Leonhard in Nauders in Austria's Land Tirol, noted for its earlier thirteenth-century and later fifteenth-century frescoes:
http://tinyurl.com/29h5gw4
http://www.bda.at/text/136/1593/10637/
One of the earlier thirteenth-century frescoes:
http://tinyurl.com/2cb3sn6
b) The originally earlier thirteenth- to fifteenth-century Leonhardskirche in Frankfurt am Main. Herewith an extensively illustrated, German-language account:
http://tinyurl.com/2dfol9y
A briefer also illustrated, English-language account:
http://www.altfrankfurt.com/Kirchen/Leonardskirche/
Other exterior views:
http://tinyurl.com/34o3t3j
http://tinyurl.com/2wtohyc
http://tinyurl.com/33rrbnn
http://tinyurl.com/2534vhn
c) The originally later fourteenth-century (over a twelfth-century crypt) Leonhardskirche in Basel, formerly the church of a priory of canons regular.
Illustrated, German-language accounts:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhardskirche_(Basel)
http://tinyurl.com/33dzwwg
http://www.altbasel.ch/fromm/stleonhard.html
http://www.leonhardskirche.ch/
d) The originally fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Stadtpfarrkirche zum Hl. Leonhard in Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal in Austria's Land Kärnten:
Illustrated, German-language accounts:
http://tinyurl.com/2a88jgm
http://tinyurl.com/23r6cr8
Views:
http://tinyurl.com/36xkogg
http://tinyurl.com/26sala8
http://tinyurl.com/23swl3
Some dedications to L. in England:
a) The originally twelfth- and thirteenth-century St Leonard's Church in Hartley Mauditt (Hants):
http://www.johnowensmith.co.uk/churches/hmaudi.htm
http://www.astoft2.co.uk/hartleymauditt.htm
b) The originally twelfth- to fifteenth-century St Leonard's Church in Grendon Underwood (Bucks):
English-language account:
https://ubp.buckscc.gov.uk/SingleResult.aspx?uid=%27MBC3154%27
Views:
http://tinyurl.com/2ak6mvq
http://tinyurl.com/2a2oe2v
http://tinyurl.com/266l7te
http://tinyurl.com/28vynb9
http://tinyurl.com/25dczbo
c) The originally earlier thirteenth-century Church of St. Leonard's Without at Kirkstead (Lincs; restored, 1913-1914), a survivor of Kirkstead Abbey:
http://tinyurl.com/37jlxs7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Leonard%27s_Without
http://tinyurl.com/2u9enta
d) The originally thirteenth- to fifteenth-century St Leonard's Church in Leverington, Wisbech (Cambs), noted for its fifteenth-century stained glass:
http://tinyurl.com/2ejm28z
http://tinyurl.com/27f8cho
http://tinyurl.com/24kl4ld
Tree of Jesse window (photographs by Gordon Plumb):
http://tinyurl.com/27j5sae
e) The originally fifteenth-century St Leonard's Church in South Ormsby (Lincs), restored in 1871:
http://tinyurl.com/28axxhg
http://tinyurl.com/2fqjquv
http://tinyurl.com/23asqwg
http://tinyurl.com/287xhqp
http://tinyurl.com/2dukk2u
http://tinyurl.com/25reasv
Some dedications to L. in the Czech Republic:
a) The originally fourteenth- and fifteenth-century kostel sv. Linharta in Lidéřovice (Jihočeský kraj).
An illustrated, English-language account:
http://tinyurl.com/2c7jhsw
Other views:
http://tinyurl.com/2adndbd
http://tinyurl.com/26p3zyu
http://tinyurl.com/27cnhm2
http://tinyurl.com/2bfrant
http://tinyurl.com/25wq33e
b) The originally fifteenth-century kostel sv. Linharta in Čakov (Jihočeský kraj):
http://tinyurl.com/2ww3jxt
http://tinyurl.com/2wkb4mq
http://tinyurl.com/2cxcm5x
http://www.mujkraj.cz/fota/objekty/cakov_06v.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/3xxch5g
A dedication to L. in Poland: the originally earlier eleventh-century krypta św. Leonarda under the Wawel Castle in Kraków.
An illustrated, English-language account:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Leonard%27s_Crypt
Other views:
http://tinyurl.com/392vcvt
http://www.katedra-wawelska.pl/images/Image/32_1.jpg
Some portrayals of L.:
a) in a later twelfth- or early thirteenth-century mosaic in the Cappella Palatina at Palermo:
http://tinyurl.com/2xc8x3
b) as a mitred abbot in a thirteenth-century glass window of the Pfarrkirche hl. Michael at St Michael im Lungau (Land Salzburg) in Austria:
http://www.burgenseite.com/faschen/st_michael_faces_6.jpg
c) at left (to the Virgin's right) in a later thirteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1270) by the Master of the Magdalen, now in the Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT:
http://tinyurl.com/23gd7ko
d) in an illumination in a late thirteenth-century copy of French origin of the _Legenda aurea_ (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, ms. HM 3027, fol. 144r; image expandable):
http://tinyurl.com/38bgvgx
e) on a seemingly earlier fourteenth-century ivory pilgrim badge in the Musée national du Moyen Âge (a.k.a. Musée de Cluny), Paris:
http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/pages/page_id18805_u1l2.htm
f) in an illumination in an earlier fourteenth-century illustrated collection of French-language saint's lives (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 183, fol. 188v):
http://tinyurl.com/yentmo3
g) in an illumination (two scenes) in an earlier fourteenth-century copy (betw. 1326 and 1350) collection of French-language saint's lives (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 185, fol. 126r):
http://tinyurl.com/2fsskvp
h) in an illumination in an earlier fourteenth-century copy (1348) of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 241, fol. 278v):
http://tinyurl.com/yj6v6to
i) in a late medieval statue on the Stadtpfarrkirche zum Hl. Leonhard in Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal (Land Kärnten) in Austria:
http://tinyurl.com/23swl3
j) in an earlier fifteenth-century hand-colored woodcut (ca. 1410-1420) from Salzburg preserved in a later fourteenth-century copy of Bartolomeo de San Concordio's _Summa Pisana_ (Graz, Universitätsbibliothek, Ms 243):
http://tinyurl.com/28rhwo7
k) at left (at right, St. Christina of Bolsena), in a fifteenth-century fresco in the basilica di Santa Cristina in Bolsena:
http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Fotos/Christina11.jpg
l) refusing Clovis' offer of a bishopric, as depicted on a wing of a later fifteenth-century altarpiece (ca. 1455) in the Filialkirche zum Hl. Leonhard in Bad Aussee in Austria's Land Steiermark:
http://tinyurl.com/33fkm7f
m) in a late fifteenth-century glass window once in the Marienkapelle of the Leonhardskirche in Basel and now in its Theobaldskapelle:
http://www.leonhardskirche.ch/bildleonhard.html
n) in a statue (ca. 1500) in the Augustiner-Museum at Rattenberg (Land Tirol) in Austria:
http://www.augustinermuseum.at/sammlung_leonhard.htm
o) in relief (at center, betw. Sts. Vitus and George at left and Sts. Aegidius/Giles and Dionysius/Denys at right) on the tomb of the Kurfürstin Anna (1512) in the Münster St. Marien und Jakobus Heilsbronn (Lkr. Ansbach) in Bayern:
http://tinyurl.com/335896j
p) in two earlier sixteenth-century bosses (betw. 1512 and 1518) by Martin Lebzelter in the Leonhardskirche in Basel:
http://tinyurl.com/29zr5s
Best,
John Dillon
(last year's post revised)
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