medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Today (25. March) is the feast day of:
1) The Annunciation of the Lord (also the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary). Herewith a few visuals pertaining to this feast, starting with some dedications to the Virgin Annunciate:
The originally later twelfth-/thirteenth-century chiesa dell'Annunziata dei Catalani at Messina:
English-language accounts:
http://tinyurl.com/35ybsk
http://tinyurl.com/2o99yn
Page of views:
http://www.torrese.it/Chiesa%20dei%20Catalani.htm
Another view:
http://tinyurl.com/3xkfff
The originally twelfth-/fifteenth-century cattedrale della Santissima Annunziata at Todi:
Illustrated, Italian-language account:
http://tinyurl.com/yl7gwjr
The Italia nell'Arte Medievale page on this church (still off-line, though):
http://tinyurl.com/3djnun
Other views:
http://art_lab.tripod.com/Todi/TodiAlto.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/yhexgsf
http://tinyurl.com/yaxbry9
http://art_lab.tripod.com/Todi/TodiDuomo.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/34htc3
http://tinyurl.com/yb6qtzx
http://www.xelioslabs.com/mzattera/Umbria2005/Todi.jpg
The originally later thirteenth-century monastery church of the Annunciation at Gradac (Raška dist.) in southern Serbia:
Illustrated, English-language account:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradac_Monastery
Other views (most are expandable):
http://tinyurl.com/yz8hbu6
http://tinyurl.com/ygdvllk
http://tinyurl.com/yg4pupm
http://tinyurl.com/ykgfco3
Plans:
http://tinyurl.com/yglqk7x
Expandable views of surviving frescoes:
http://tinyurl.com/y9mlgsq
A few paintings, one drawing, and one sculpture:
The Annunciation as depicted in the upper register of an illumination in an eleventh-century Gospels of northern French origin (Paris, BnF, ms. Arsenal 592, fol. 18v):
http://tinyurl.com/yam8mj9
Late eleventh-century Annunciation mosaic in the katholikon of the Daphni monastery, Chaidari (Athens prefecture):
http://tinyurl.com/yv9wcq
Detail (Annunciation angel):
http://tinyurl.com/ycf74kw
Detail (BVM):
http://tinyurl.com/yerasya
Twelfth-century Annunciation icons at St. Catherine's, Sinai:
http://touregypt.net/featurestories/catherines2-13.htm
http://tinyurl.com/2xg48h
A later twelfth-century illumination (1178-1180) in a Coptic-language Gospels from Damietta (Paris, BnF, ms. Copte 13, fol. 136r):
http://tinyurl.com/yz455us
A later thirteenth-century drawing at the beginning of a miscellany of English origin (Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 3630, fol. 2r):
http://tinyurl.com/yena2tc
An illumination in the late thirteenth-century (ca. 1285-1290) Livre d'images de Madame Marie (Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 20v):
http://tinyurl.com/y96bp9u
Mosaic by Pietro Cavallini (1291) in Rome's Santa Maria in Trastevere:
http://tinyurl.com/2at5wm
Early fourteenth-century icon in the church of Sv. Kliment, Ohrid, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
http://tinyurl.com/czcbzf
Earlier fourteenth-century fresco (betw. ca. 1312 and 1321/1322) in the monastery church of the Theotokos at Gračanica in, depending on one's view of the matter, either Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija or the Republic of Kosovo:
http://tinyurl.com/ykvpwkq
Earlier fourteenth-century altarpiece (1333) by Simone Martini of the Annunciation and Two Saints (Ansanus and Julitta), in Florence's Galleria degli Uffizi:
http://tinyurl.com/c5e959
Several expandable views of the Annunciation as depicted in the earlier fourteenth century frescoes (betw. 1335-1350) in the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of recent events, the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's Kosovo province:
http://tinyurl.com/yb4uzrw
The late fourteenth-century Annunciation fresco ascribed to Pietro di Miniato da Firenze (1366-1440 ca.) in Florence's basilica di Santa Maria Novella:
http://www.smn.it/images/ch021.jpg
Detail, fourteenth-century Annunciation in Florence's chiesa della Santissima Annunziata:
http://tinyurl.com/35mg4t
A page of views of Lorenzo Ghiberti's Annunciation panel on the north door of the baptistery of Florence (1401-1424):
http://tinyurl.com/csczjt
A page of views of Beato Angelico's Annunciation altarpiece in the Museo diocesano at Cortona (1433-1434):
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/a/angelico/04/index.html
Beato Angelico's Annunciation fresco in cell 3 of Florence's Museo nazionale di San Marco (1440 or 1441):
http://www.wga.hu/art/a/angelico/09/cells/03_annun.jpg
Two views of Beato Angelico's Annunciation fresco in the north corridor of the upper floor of Florence's Museo Nazionale di San Marco (1450) are here:
http://tinyurl.com/dl9ra6
A couple of Antonello da Messina's Virgins Annunciate (1470s):
http://tinyurl.com/2t9ueg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antonello_da_Messina_035.jpg
A full-page illumination in a late fifteenth-century Syriac-language Gospels from Armenia (Paris, BnF, ms. Syriaque 344, fol. 1v):
http://tinyurl.com/ycxo8ex
2) The Good Thief (d. ca. 30). To omit this Gospel figure (Luke 23:39-43), medievally also familiar from the Gospel of Nicodemus (where he accompanies Christ in the Harrowing of Hell), would be a dismal thing to do. Santa Croce in Gerusalemme at Rome appears to have at least two fragments of his cross, the one hanging to the left of the relics of the True Cross here:
http://www.christorchaos.com/images/Picture306.jpg
and this separately displayed relic:
http://www.rosaryworkshop.com/PHOTO-Rome-Crx-8.jpg
And here's a representation of him from the Last Judgment in the earlier fourteenth century frescoes (betw. 1335-1350) in the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of recent events, the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's Kosovo province:
http://tinyurl.com/ywfatd
An incomplete but larger view of this image of the Good Thief is here:
http://tinyurl.com/ydkxvqx
3) Dulas of Nicomedia (?). D. is a martyr of an unidentified persecution recorded for this day in the fourth-century Syriac Martyrology and in the (pseudo-)Hieronymian Martyrology, where he appears -- as is customary -- in the genitive (in this case, _Dulae_).
In some manuscripts of the (ps.-)HM the entry reads _Nicomedia natale Dulae ancillae_, the last word presumably being either the sole survivor of an otherwise lost subsequent entry for St. Matrona of Thessalonica (no. 4, below), whose legendary Latin Passio makes her an _ancilla_ ('handmaiden') to the wife of an army officer of high rank, or else an erroneous addition based on that Passio. Historical martyrologies from that of St. Ado of Vienne through the RM prior to its revision of 2001 expanded this to _Dulae ancillae cuiusdam militis_ ('of Dula, handmaiden of some soldier'), thus treating _Dulae_ as a form of a feminine noun (as a name with such a genitive ordinarily would be) rather than a form of a masculine one (in Latin, masculine names with a genitive singular ending in _ae_ occur only when they've been imported from another language; reasonably familiar examples are _Aeneas_, _Aeneae_ and _Ananias_, _Ananiae_).
4) Matrona of Thessalonica (?). We know about M. from Byzantine synaxary notices deriving from a legendary Greek Passio, now lost, and from a Latin version of the latter (BHL 5687b). These present her as a Christian girl of Thessalonica who served as a handmaiden to the Jewish wife of a high military official and who after accompanying her mistress to Jewish services would sneak out and attend Christian ones instead. M.'s mistress discovered this and punished her by locking her up for four days and starving her to death. Thinking to conceal her crime, the woman then took M.'s body outside the city and threw it from a cliff in order to make M.'s death appear to have been an accident. M.'s body was found, it was somehow determined (miraculously revealed?) that she had been a Christian martyr, and she received a burial church at Thessalonica.
The (pseudo-)Hieronymian Martyrology enters M. under today's date. The synaxaries have M. at 27. or 28. March. Florus of Lyon, who knew her Latin Passio, entered her in his martyrology under 15. March, which is where she stayed in the Latin West until the RM's revision of 2001.
5) Quirinus "of Rome", venerated at Tegernsee (d. 249 or 269, supposedly). Q. was the patron saint of the great abbey of Tegernsee in Oberbayern (founded, 8th cent.; secularized, 1803). According to the unverifiable tradition of this house, Q.'s remains were brought to it from Rome at the time of the abbey's foundation. Q. has two Passiones. A late ninth-century one (BHL 7029) copies the Passio s. Marii (BHL 815) to make him a martyr of Rome beheaded under an emperor Claudius (presumed by seekers of factuality to be Claudius Gothicus) and buried in the cemetery of Pontianus. Its late twelfth- or thirteenth-century successor (BHL 7032) makes Q. the murdered son of the supposedly Christian emperor Philip the Arab and so provides the abbey with an imperial cachet. In between come the _Quirinalia_ of Metellus of Tegernsee (BHL 7031; ca. 1160), a collection of Latin poems in Q.'s honor based on ancient models.
6) Eberhard of Nellenburg (Bl.; d. ca. 1078). E. (in English sometimes Everard) was count of Nellenburg in what is now Landkreis Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg. In the late 1040s and early 1050s he established the Allerheiligen ('All Saints') monastery at Schaffhausen in today's Swiss canton of the same name. In about 1070 he entered this house as a simple monk and was so at his death. E. was buried in the abbey church. Early in the twelfth century his son Burkhard rebuilt the church and created a chapel for the founder's veneration. After B.'s death the chapel received the funerary monument shown here, with carved sarcophagi bearing full-length portraits of B., of E., and of E.'s wife and B.'s mother, Bl. Ita of Schaffhausen, foundress (with B.'s money) of a women's monastery there:
http://tinyurl.com/caqvqd
The chapel:
http://tinyurl.com/ch3sag
An illustrated, German-language page on Schaffhausen's Kloster Allerheiligen:
http://tinyurl.com/cmtt5l
Best,
John Dillon
(last year's post revised)
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