medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Today (28. December) is the feast day of:
The Holy Innocents (ca. 3 BCE). We know about these sacrificial victims for Christ from Matthew 2: 16-18. Their feast in Rome seems to be no older than the later fourth century. Its stational church is San Paolo fuori le Mura, which latter is said to hold relics of them. Herewith views of a few medieval representations of the Massacre of the Innocents (including some early antecedents of the German soldier of World War I propaganda with a Belgian baby on his bayonet):
Pyx (between 550 and 600; ivory and copper), Musée du Louvre, Paris:
http://tinyurl.com/37fu5y
Ivory plaque (ninth-century), re-used for the upper cover of a late tenth-century Gospels from Metz (Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 9393);
http://tinyurl.com/yceywa4
Manuscript illumination (Master of the Codex Egberti, late tenth-century), Gospel pericopes (Trier, Stadtbibliothek, Ms. 24):
http://tinyurl.com/6ujrwe
Relief (early eleventh-century) on a choir screen from the church of St. Domenica (Sv. Nediljica) in Zadar, now in the Arheološki muzej - Zadar:
http://www.croatianculture.info/pics/59_relief.jpg
Glass panels (mid-twelfth-century), Life of Christ window, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Chartres:
http://tinyurl.com/yjxz28q
http://tinyurl.com/yje8atp
Reliquary châsse (mid to late twelfth-century), Musée du Louvre, Paris:
http://tinyurl.com/298avy
Fresco (ca. 1180), Panteón de los Reyes, Colegiata de San Isidoro, Léon
http://tinyurl.com/yl7fhdx:
Detail:
http://www.wga.hu/art/zgothic/mural/12c2/03catala.jpg
Portal relief (1190-1200), cathédrale Saint-Trophime, Arles:
http://tinyurl.com/7lk763
Manuscript illumination (ca. 1200), Psalter(?) fragment, codex sometimes described as a picture bible (The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 76 F 5; fol. 11v):
http://tinyurl.com/2ule7j
Capital (late twelfth- or very early thirteenth-century), iglesia de Santa Cecilia, Aguilar de Campóo (Palencia):
http://tinyurl.com/3dy6jj
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/9337683.jpg
Portal relief (ca. 1220-1236), cathédrale Notre-Dame, Amiens:
http://angeamiens.ifrance.com/angeamiens/pages/cathedrale58.htm
Manuscript illumination (1266), Epistles according to the Use of Cambrai (Cambrai, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 190; fol. 11v):
http://tinyurl.com/3ymzxh
Manuscript illumination (mid to late thirteenth-century), Psalter according to the use of Arras (Aix-en-Provence, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 14; fol. XI):
http://tinyurl.com/35mlax
Portal relief (ca. 1280-1285), west facade, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Strasbourg:
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/strasbourg/westntympdet.jpg
Manuscript illumination (ca. 1285-1290), Livre d'images de Madame Marie (Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 24r):
http://tinyurl.com/ydzmsss
Glass panel (late thirteenth-century), basilique Saint-Urbain, Troyes:
http://tinyurl.com/ygjtj7f
Pulpit relief (Giovanni Pisano; 1297-1301), cattedrale di San Zeno, Pistoia:
http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/giorgio.vasari/pisano/pic12.htm
Pulpit relief (Giovanni Pisano; 1302-1303), cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Pisa:
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/italy/pisa/duomopulpit/0045.jpg
Fresco (Giotto; 1303-1305), Cappella degli Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua:
http://www.christusrex.org/www1/giotto/SSC-strage-l.jpg
Panel painting (Duccio di Buoninsegna; 1308-1311), Museo dell'Opera del duomo, Siena:
http://tinyurl.com/ukbmh
Mosaic (betw. 1315 and 1321), Chora Church (Kariye Camii), Istanbul:
http://www.fixcas.com/cgi-bin/herod.py?KariyeCamii
Fresco (betw. 1335 and 1350; suboptimally preserved) in the narthex of the church of the Holy Ascension at the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/ylk5wvs
Detail:
http://tinyurl.com/yd2sz84
Glass window (Giovanni da Bonino; 1325-1334), cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Orvieto:
http://www.icvbc.cnr.it/bivi/schede/Umbria/orvieto/1duomo15.htm
Wall painting (Master of Waltensburg / Waltensburger Meister / Maister da Vuorz; ca. 1340), Pfarrkirche Sankt Zeno, Lüen (Graubünden/Grisons):
http://tinyurl.com/38a53x
Manuscript illumination (Richard de Montbaston; 1348) in a copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language translation by Jean de Vignay (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 241, fol. 25v):
http://tinyurl.com/yj2oygb
Manuscript illumination (later fourteenth-century), Gospels in Armenian (Paris, BnF, ms. Arménien 333, fol. 4v):
http://tinyurl.com/y9zn7oo
Glass panel (Jakob Acker the Elder; ca. 1385, Anne and Mary window (Anna-Marienfenster), Münster (ex-cathedral of the BVM), Ulm:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/16459025@N03/3423771517/
Wall painting (1407), chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Maria Assunta / Pfarrkirche St. Mariä Himmelfahrt (parish church), Terlano/Terlan (BZ) in the South Tirol:
http://www.burgenseite.com/faschen/terlan_ritter_5.jpg
Glass panel (1449-1450), Holy Innocents window, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Rouen:
http://tinyurl.com/y9gsgx4
Glass panel (fifteenth-century, remounted in a window of 1522), collégiale Saint-Émilion, Saint-Émilion (Gironde):
http://inventaire.aquitaine.fr/typo3temp/pics/937aa4decd.jpg
Manuscript illumination (ca. 1450), Missal according to the Use of Nantes (Le Mans, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 0223; fol. 16v):
http://tinyurl.com/2tt7l5
Panel painting (Beato Angelico; 1450-1453), formerly in the church of the Santissima Annunziata in Florence, now in that city's Museo nazionale di San Marco:
http://saints.bestlatin.net/images/gallery/innocenti_angelico.jpg
Panel painting (Hugo van der Goes; before 1482), part of an Adoration of the Magi triptych, The State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg:
http://www.fixcas.com/cgi-bin/herod.py?Goes
Mosaic panels (Matteo di Giovanni; ca. 1481), floor of the cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Siena
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bootsintheoven/471081918/:
http://tinyurl.com/y8k8gf
http://tinyurl.com/yeujfbg
http://tinyurl.com/ybhkpn9
Panel painting (Matteo di Giovanni; 1482), chiesa di Ant'Agostino, Siena:
http://www.wga.hu/art/m/matteo/innocent.jpg
Panel painting (Matteo di Giovanni, 1488), Museo nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples:
http://tinyurl.com/yaeg39l
Glass window (Antonio da Pandino; ca. 1490) formerly in the cathedral of Milan, now in the collection of the Château du Hac, Le Quiou, Brittany:
http://www.icvbc.cnr.it/bivi/estero/1chateau_hac1.htm
Manuscript illumination (before 1498), Breviary according to the Use of Besançon (Besançon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 69; p. 209):
http://tinyurl.com/ytsk3c
Glass panel (ca. 1532; Innocents at upper left), Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam:
http://tinyurl.com/yfpxtnd
Best,
John Dillon
(last year's post revised)
PS: Can anyone provide a link to a decent view of the tympanum on the Bethlehem portal of the collégiale Notre-Dame at Huy? The best one I've been able to find of this earlier fourteenth-century monument (Massacre of the Innocents at top) is this:
http://tinyurl.com/yb26qsx
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