Interim Saints - St. Patrick (17th March)

Rather than include Patrick in the general run of Saints for 17th
March, I have downloaded the article on him from the (Old) Catholic
Encyclopedia.  Members may well think that modern scholarship would
cause us to revise one or two of the points therein made;  again, don't
shoot the messenger.

Apostle of Ireland, born at Kilpatrick, near Dumbarton, in Scotland, in
the year 387; died at Saul, Downpatrick, Ireland, 17 March, 493. 
He had for his parents Calphurnius and Conchessa. The former belonged
to a Roman family of high rank and held the office of decurio in Gaul
or Britain. Conchessa was a near relative of the great patron of Gaul,
St Martin of Tours . Kilpatrick still retains many memorials of Saint
Patrick, and frequent pilgrimages continued far into the  Middle Ages
to perpetuate there the fame of his  sanctity and miracles. 
In his sixteenth year, Patrick was carried off into captivity by Irish
marauders and was sold as a slave to a chieftan named Milchu in
Dalriada, a territory of the present county of Antrim in Ireland, where
for six years he tended his master's flocks in the valley of the Braid
and on the slopes of Slemish, near the modern town of Ballymena. He
relates in his "Confessio" that during his captivity while tending the
flocks he  prayed many times in the day: "the love of God", he added, 
and His fear increased in me more and more, and the faith grew in me,
and the spirit was roused, so that, in a single day, I have said as
many as a hundred prayers, and in the night nearly the same, so that
whilst in the woods and on the mountain, even before the dawn, I was
roused to prayer and felt no hurt from it, whether there was snow or
ice or rain; nor was there any slothfulness in me, such as I see now,
because the spirit was then fervent within me. 
In the ways of a benign Providence the six years of Patrick's captivity
became a remote preparation for his future apostolate. He acquired a
perfect knowledge of the Celtic tongue in which he would one day
announce the glad tidings of Redemption, and, as his master Milchu was
a druidical high priest, he became familiar with all the details of 
Druidism from whose bondage he was destined to liberate the Irish race.

Admonished by an  angel he after six years fled from his cruel master
and bent his steps towards the west. He relates in his "Confessio" that
he had to travel about 200 miles; and his journey was probably towards
Killala Bay and onwards thence to Westport. He found a ship ready to
set sail and after some rebuffs was allowed on board. In a few days he
was among his friends once more in Britain, but now his heart was set
on devoting himself to the service of God in the sacred ministry. We
meet with him at St. Martin's monastery at Tours, and again at the
island sanctuary of Lérins which was just then acquiring widespread
renown for learning and piety; and wherever lessons of heroic
perfection in the exercise of Christian life could be acquired, thither
the fervent Patrick was sure to bend his steps. No sooner had St.
Germain entered on his great mission at Auxerre than Petrick put
himself under his guidance, and it was at that great bishop's hands
that Ireland's future apostle was a few years later promoted to the
priesthood. It is the tradition in the territory of the Morini that
Patrick under St. Germain's guidance for some years was engaged in
missionary work among them. When Germain commissioned by the  Holy See
proceeded to Britain to combat the erroneous teachings of Pelagius, he
chose Patrick to be one of his missionary companions and thus it was
his privilege to be associated with the representative of Rome in the
triumphs that ensued over  heresy and Paganism, and in the many
remarkable events of the expedition, such as the miraculous calming of
the tempest at sea, the visit to the relics at St. Alban's shrine, and
the Alleluia victory. Amid all these scenes, however, Patrick's
thoughts turned towards Ireland, and from time to time he was favoured
with visions of the children from Focluth, by the Western sea, who
cried to him: "O holy youth, come back to Erin, and walk once more
amongst us." 
Pope Celestine I, who rendered immortal service to the Church by the
overthrow of the Pelagian and  Nestorian heresies, and by the
imperishable wreath of honour decreed to the Blessed Virgin in the
General Council of Ephesus, crowned his pontificate by an act of the
most far-reaching consequences for the spread of Christianity and
civilization, when he entrusted St. Patrick with the mission of
gathering the Irish race into the one fold of Christ. Palladius (q.v.)
had already received that commission, but terrified by the fierce
opposition of a Wicklow chieftain had abandoned the sacred enterprise.
It was St. Germain, Bishop of Auxerre, who commended Patrick to the
pope. The writer of St. Germain's Life in the ninth century, Heric of
Auxerre, thus attests this important fact: "Since the glory of the
father shines in the training of the children, of the many sons in
Christ whom St. Germain is believed to have had as disciples in
religion, let it suffice to make mention here, very briefly, of one
most famous, Patrick, the special Apostle of the Irish nation, as the
record of his work proves. Subject to that most holy discipleship for
18 years, he drank in no little knowledge in Holy Scripture from the
stream of so great a well-spring. Germain sent him, accompanied by
Segetius, his priest, to Celestine, Pope of Rome, approved of by whose
judgement, supported by whose authority, and strengthened by whose
blessing, he went on his way to Ireland." It was only shortly before
his death that Celestine gave this mission to Ireland's apostle and on
that occasion bestowed on him many relics and other spiritual gifts,
and gave him the name "Patercius" or "Patritius", not as an honorary
title, but as a foreshadowing of the fruitfulness and merit of his
apostolate whereby he became pater civium (the father of his people).
Patrick on his return journey from Rome received at Ivrea the tidings
of the death of Palladius, and turning aside to the neighboring city of
Turin received episcopal consecration at the hands of its great bishop,
St Maximus, and thence hastened on to Auxerre to make under the
guidance of St. Germain due preparations for the Irish mission. 
It was probably in the summer months of the year 433, that Patrick and
his companions landed at the mouth of the Vantry River close by Wicklow
Head. The Druids were at once in arms against him. But Patrick was not
disheartened. The intrepid missionary resolved to search out a more
friendly territory in which to enter on his mission. First of all,
however, he would proceed towards Dalriada, where he had been a slave,
to pay the price of ransom to his former master, and in exchange for
the servitude and cruelty endured at his hands to impart to him the
blessings and freedom of God's children. He rested for some days at the
islands off the Skerries coast, one of which still retains the name of
Inis-Patrick, and he probably visited the adjoining mainland, which in
olden times was known as Holm Patrick. Tradition fondly points out the
impression of St. Patrick's foot upon the hard rock — off the main
shore, at the entrance to Skerries harbour. Continuing his course
northwards he halted at the mouth of the River Boyne. A number of the
natives there gathered around him and heard with joy in their own sweet
tongue the glad tidings of Redemption. There too he performed his first
miracle on Irish soil to confirm the honour due to the Blessed Virgin,
and the Divine birth of our Saviour. Leaving one of his companions to
continue the work of instruction so auspiciously begun, he hastened
forward to Strangford Loughand there quitting his boat continued his
journey over land towards Slemish. He had not proceeded far when a
chieftain, named Dichu, appeared on the scene to prevent his further
advance. He drew his sword to smite the saint, but his arm became rigid
as a statue and continued so until he declared himself obedient to
Patrick. Overcome by the saint's meekness and miracles, Dichu asked for
instruction and made a gift of a large sabhall (barn), in which the
sacred mysteries were offered up. This was the first sanctuary
dedicated by St. Patrick in Erin. It became in later years a chosen
retreat of the saint. A monestary and church were erected there, and
the hallowed site retains the name Sabhall (pronounced Saul) to the
present day. Continuing his journey towards Slemish, the saint was
struck with horror on seeing at a distance the fort of his old master
Milchu enveloped in flames.  The fame of Patrick's marvelous  power of
miracles preceeded him. Milchu, in a fit of frenzy, gathered his
treasures into his mansion and setting it on fire, cast himself into
the flames. An ancient record adds: "His pride could not endure the
thought of being vanquished by his former slave". 
Returning to Saul, St. Patrick learned from Dichu that the chieftains
of Erin had been summoned to celebrate a special feast at Tara by
Leoghaire, who was the Ard-Righ, that is, the Supreme Monarch of
Ireland. This was an opportunity which Patrick would not forego; he
would present himself before the assembly, to strike a decisive blow
against the Druidism that held the nation captive, and to secure
freedom for the glad tidings of Redemption of which he was the herald.
As he journeyed on he rested for some days at the house of a chieftain
named Secsnen, who with his household joyfully embraced the Faith. The
youthful Benen, or Benignus, son of the chief, was in a special way
captivated by the Gospel doctrines and the meekness of Patrick. Whilst
the saint slumbered he would gather sweet-scented flowers and scatter
them over his bosom, and when Patrick was setting out, continuing his
journey towards Tara, Benen clung to his feet declaring that nothing
would sever him from him. "Allow him to have his way", said St. Patrick
to the chieftain, "he shall be heir to my sacred mission." Thenceforth
Benen was the inseparable companion of the saint, and the prophecy was
fulfilled, for Benen is named among the "comhards" or successors of St.
Patrick in Armagh. It was on 26 March, Easter Sunday, in 433, that the
eventful assembly was to meet at Tara, and the decree went forth that
from the preceeding day the fires throughout the kingdom should be
extinguished until the signal blaze was kindled at the royal mansion.
The chiefs and Brehons came in full numbers and the druids too would
muster all their strength to bid defiance to the herald of good tidings
and to secure thehold of their superstition on the Celtic race, for
their demoniac oracles had announces that the messenger of Christ had
come to Erin. St. Patrick arrived at the hill of Slane, at the opposite
extremity of the valley from Tara, on Easter Eve, in that year the
feast of the Annunciation, and on the summit of the hill kindled the
Paschal fire. The druids at once raised their voice. "O King", (they
said) "live for ever; this fire, which has been lighted in defiance of
the royal edict, will blaze for ever in this land unless it be this
very night extinguished." By order of the king and the agency of the
druids, repeated attempts were made to extinguish the blessed fire and
to punish with death the intruder who had disobeyed the royal command.
But the fire was not extinguished and Patrick shielded by the Divine
power came unscathed from their snares and assaults. On Easter Day the
missionary band having at their head the youth Benignus bearing aloft a
copy of the Gospels, and followed by St. Patrick who with mitre and
crozier was arrayed in full episcopal attire, proceeded in processional
order to Tara. The druids and magicians put forth all their strength
and employed all their incantations to maintain their sway over the
Irish race, but the prayer and faith of Patrick achieved a glorious
triumph. The druids by their incantations overspread the hill and
surrounding plain with a cloud of worse then Egyptian darkness. Patrick
defied them to remove that cloud, and when all their efforts were made
in vain, at his prayer the sun sent forth its rays and the brightest
sunshine lit up the scene. Again by demoniac power the Arch-Druid
Lochru, like Simon Magus of old, was lifted up high in the air, but
when Patrick knelt in prayer the druid from his flight was dashed to
pieces upon a rock. Thus was the final blow given to paganism in the
presence of all the assembled chieftains. It was, indeed, a momentous
day for the Irish race. Twice Patrick pleaded for the Faith before
Leoghaire. The king had given orders that no sign of respect was to be
extended to the strangers, but at the first meeting the youthful Erc, a
royal page, arose to show him reverence; and at the second, when all
the chieftains were assembled, the chief-bard Dubhtach showed the same
honour to the saint. Both these heroic men became fervent disciples of
the Faith and bright ornaments of the Irish Church. It was on this
second solemn occasion that St. Patrick is said to have plucked a
shamrock from the sward, to explain by its triple leaf and single stem,
in some rough way, to the assembled chieftains, the great doctrine of
the Blessed Trinity. 
On that bright Easter Day, the triumph of religion at Tara was
complete. The Ard-Righ granted permission to Patrick to preach the
Faith throughout the length and breadth of Erin, and the druidical
prophecy like the words of Balaam of old would be fulfilled: the sacred
fire now kindled by the saint would never be extinguished. 
The beautiful prayer of St. Patrick, popularly known as "St. Patrick's
Breast-Plate", is supposed to have been composed by him in preparation
for this victory over Paganism. The following is a literal translation
from the old Irish text: 
I bind to myself today
The strong virtue of the Invocation of the Trinity:
I believe the Trinity in the Unity
The Creator of the Universe.

I bind to myself today
The virtue of the Incarnation of Christ with His Baptism,
The virtue of His crucifixion with His burial,
The virtue of His Resurrection with His Ascension,
The virtue of His coming on the Judgement Day.

I bind to myself today
The virtue of the love of seraphim,
In the obedience of angels,
In the hope of resurrection unto reward,
In prayers of Patriarchs,
In predictions of Prophets,
In preaching of Apostles,
In faith of Confessors,
In purity of holy Virgins,
In deeds of righteous men.

I bind to myself today
The power of Heaven,
The light of the sun,
The brightness of the moon,
The splendour of fire,
The flashing of lightning,
The swiftness of wind,
The depth of sea,
The stability of earth,
The compactness of rocks.

I bind to myself today
God's Power to guide me,
God's Might to uphold me,
God's Wisdom to teach me,
God's Eye to watch over me,
God's Ear to hear me,
God's Word to give me speech,
God's Hand to guide me,
God's Way to lie before me,
God's Shield to shelter me,
God's Host to secure me,
Against the snares of demons,
Against the seductions of vices,
Against the lusts of nature,
Against everyone who meditates injury to me,
Whether far or near,
Whether few or with many.

I invoke today all these virtues
Against every hostile merciless power
Which may assail my body and my soul,
Against the incantations of false prophets,
Against the black laws of heathenism,
Against the false laws of heresy,
Against the deceits of idolatry,
Against the spells of women, and smiths, and druids,
Against every knowledge that binds the soul of man.

Christ, protect me today
Against every poison, against burning,
Against drowning, against death-wound,
That I may receive abundant reward.

Christ with me, Christ before me,
Christ behind me, Christ within me,
Christ beneath me, Christ above me,
Christ at my right, Christ at my left,
Christ in the fort,
Christ in the chariot seat,
Christ in the poop,
Christ in the heart of everyone who thinks of me,
Christ in the mouth of everyone who speaks to me,
Christ in every eye that sees me,
Christ in every ear that hears me.

I bind to myself today
The strong virtue of an invocation of the Trinity,
I believe the Trinity in the Unity
The Creator of the Universe.
St. Patrick remained during Easter week at Slane and Tara, unfolding to
those around him the lessons of Divine truth. Meanwhile the national
games were being celebrated a few miles distant at Tailten (now
Telltown) in connection with the royal feast. St. Patrick proceeding
thither solemnly administered  baptism to Conall, brother of the
Ard-Righ Leoghaire, on Wednesday, 5 April. Benen and others had already
been privately gathered into the fold of Christ, but this was the first
public administering of baptism, recognized by royal edict, and hence
in the ancient Irish Kalendars to the fifth of April is assigned "the
beginning of the Baptism of Erin". This first Christian royal chieftain
made a gift to Patrick of a site for a church which to the present day
retains the name of Donagh-Patrick. The blessing of heaven was with
Conall's family. St Columba is reckoned among his descendants, and many
of the kings of Ireland until the eleventh century were of his race.
St. Patrick left some of his companions to carry on the work of
evangelization in Meath, thus so auspiciously begun. He would himself
visit the other territories. Some of the chieftains who had come to
Tara were from Focluth, in the neighbourhood of Killala, in Connaught,
and as it was the children of Focluth who in vision had summoned him to
return to Ireland, he resolved to accompany those chieftains on their
return, that thus the district of Focluth would be among the first to
receive the glad tidings of Redemption. It affords a convincing proof
of the difficulties that St. Patrick had to overcome, that though full
liberty to preach the Faith throughout Erin was granted by the monarch
of Leoghaire, nevertheless, in order to procure a safe conduct through
the intervening territories whilst proceeding towards Connaught he had
to pay the price of fifteen slaves. On his way thither, passing through
Granard he learned that at Magh-Slecht, not far distant, a vast
concourse was engaged in offering worship to the chief idol
Crom-Cruach. It was a huge pillar-stone, covered with slabs of gold and
silver, with a circle of twelve minor idols around it. He proceeded
thither, and whith his crosier smote the chief idol that crumbled to
dust; the others fell to the ground. At Killala he found the whole
people of the territory assembled. At his preaching, the king and his
six sons, with 12,000 of the people, became docile to the Faith. He
spent seven years visiting every district of Connaught, organizing
parishes, forming dioceses, and instructing the chieftains and people.
One the occasion of his first visit to Rathcrogan, the royal seat of
the kings of Connaught, situated near Tulsk, in the County of
Roscommon, a remarkable incident occurred, recorded in many of the
authentic narratives of the saint's life. Close by the clear fountain
of Clebach, not far from the royal abode, Patrick and his venerable
companions had pitched their tents and at early dawn were chanting the
praises of the Most High, when the two daughters of the Irish monarch —
Ethne, the fair, and Fedelm, the ruddy — came thither, as was their
wont, to bathe. Astonished at the vision that presented itself to them,
the royal maidens cried out: "Who are ye, and whence do ye come? Are ye
phantoms, or fairies, or friendly mortals?" St. Patrick said to them:
"It were better you would adore and worship the one true God, whom we
announce to you, than that you would satisfy your curiosity by such
vain questions." And then Ethne broke forth into the questions: 
"Who is God?"
"And where is God?"
"Where is His dwelling?"
"Has He sons and daughters?"
"Is He rich in silver and gold?"
"Is He everlasting? is He beautiful?"
"Are His daughters dear and lovely to the men of this world?"
"Is He on the heavens or on earth?"
"In the sea, in rivers, in mountains, in valleys?"
"Make Him known to us. How is He to be seen?"
"How is He to be loved? How is He to be found?"
"Is it in youth or is it in old age that He may be found?"
But St. Patrick, filled with the Holy Ghost, made answer: 
"God, whom we announce to you, is the Ruler of all things."
"The God of heaven and earth, of the sea and the rivers."
"The God of the sun, and the moon, and all the stars."
"The God of the high mountains and of the lowlying valleys."
"The God who is above heaven, and in heaven, and under heaven."
"His dwelling is in heaven and earth, and the sea, and all therein."
"He gives breath to all."
"He gives life to all."
"He is over all."
"He upholds all."
"He gives light to the sun."
"He imparts splendour to the moon."
"He has made wells in the dry land, and islands in the ocean."
"He has appointed the stars to serve the greater lights."
"His Son is co-eternal and co-equal with Himself."
"The Son is not younger than the Father."
"And the Father is not older than the Son."
"And the Holy Ghost proceeds from them."
"The Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost are undivided."
"But I desire by Faith to unite you to the Heavenly King, as you are
daughters of an earthly king."				
The maidens, as if with one voice and one heart, said: "Teach us most
carefully how we may believe in the Heavenly King; show us how we may
behold Him face to face, and we will do whatsoever you shall say to
us."
And when he had instructed tham he said to them: "Do you believe that
by baptism you put off the sin inherited from the first parents." 
They answered: "We believe." 
"Do you believe in penance after sin?" 
"We believe." 
"Do you believe in life after death?" Do you believe in resurrection on
the Day of Judgement?" 
"We believe." 
"Do you believe in the unity of the Church?" 
"We believe." 
Then they were baptized, and were clothed in white garments. And they
besought that they might behold the face of Christ. And the saint said
to them: "You cannot see the face of Christ unless you taste death, and
unless you receive the Sacrifice." They answered: "Give us the
Sacrifice, so that we may be able to behold our Spouse." And the
ancient narrative adds: "when they received the  Eucharist of God, they
slept in death, and they were placed upon a couch, arrayed in their
white baptismal robes." 
In 440 St. Patrick entered on the special work of the conversion of
Ulster. Under the following year, the ancient annalists relate a
wonderful spread of the Faith throughout the province. In 444 a site
for a church was granted at Armagh by Daire, the chieftain of the
district. It was in a valley at the foot of a hill, but the saint was
not content. He had special designs in his heart for that district, and
at length the chieftain told him to select in his territory any site he
would deemmost suitable for his religious purpose. St. Patrick chose
that beautiful hill on which the old cathedral of Armagh stands. As he
was marking out the church with his companions, they came upon a doe
and fawn, and the saint's companions would kill them for food; but St.
Patrick would not allow them to do so, and, taking the fawn upon his
shoulders, and followed by the doe, he proceeded to a neighbouring
hill, and laid down the fawn, and announced that there, in future
times, great glory would be given to the Most High. It was precisely
upon that hill thus fixed by St. Patrick that, a few years ago, there
was solemnly dedicated the new and beautiful Catholic cathedral of
Armagh. A representative of the Holy See presided on the occasion, and
hundreds of priests and bishops were gathered there; and, indeed, it
might truly be said, the whole Irish race on that occasion offered up
that glorious cathedral to the Most High as tribute to their united
faith and piety, and their never-failing love of God. 
>From Ulster St. Patrick probably proceeded to Meath to consolidate the
organization of the communities there, and thence he continued his
course through Leinster. Two of the saint's most distinguished
companions, St. Auxilius and St. Iserninus, had the rich valley of the
Liffey assigned to them. The former's name is still retained in the
church which he founded at Killossy, while the latter is honoroured as
the first Bishop of Kilcullen. As usual, St. Patrick's primary care was
to gather the ruling chieftains into the fold. At Naas, the royal
residence in those days, he baptised two sons of the King of Leinster.
Memorials of the saint still abound in the district — the ruins of the
ancient church which he founded, his holy well, and the hallowed sites
in which the power of God was shown forth in miracles. At Sletty, in
the immediate neighborhood of Carlow, St Fiacc, son of the chief
Brehon, Dubthach, was installed as bishop, and for a considerable time
that see continued to be the chief centre of religion for all Leinster.
St. Patrick proceeded through Gowran into Ossory; here he erected a
church under the invocation of St. Martin, near the present city of
Kilkenny, and enriched it with many precious relics which he had
brought from Rome. It was in Leinster, on the borders of the present
counties of Kildare and Queen's, that Odhran, St. Patrick's charioteer,
attained the martyr's crown. The chieftain of that district honoured
the demon-idol, Crom Cruach, with special worship, and, on hearing of
that idol being cast down, vowed to avenge the insult by the death of
our apostle. Passing through the territory, Odhran overheard the plot
that was being organized for the murder of St. Patrick, and as they
were setting out in the chariot to continue their journey, asked the
saint, as a favour, to take thereins, and to allow himself, for the
day, to hold the place of honour and rest. This was granted, and
scarcely had they set out when a well-directed thrust of a lance
pierced the heart of the devoted charioteer, who thus, by changing
places, saved St. Patrick's life, and won for himself the martyr's
crown. 
St. Patrick next proceeded to Munster. As usual, his efforts were
directed to combat error in the chief centres of authority, knowing
well that, in the paths of conversion, the kings and chieftains would
soon be followed by their subjects. At "Cashel of the Kings" he was
received with great enthusiasm, the chiefs and Brehons and people
welcoming him with joyous acclaim. While engaged in the baptism of the
royal prince Aengus, son of the King of Munster, the saint, leaning on
his crosier, peirced with its sharp point the prince's foot. Aengus
bore the pain unmoved. When St. Patrick, at the close of the ceremony,
saw the blood flow, and asked him why he had been silent, he replied,
with genuine heroism, that he thought it might be part of the ceremony,
a penalty for the joyous blessings of the Faith that were imparted. The
saint admired his heroism, and, taking the chieftain's shield,
inscribed on it a cross with the same point of the crozier, and
promised that that shield would be the signal of countless spiritual
and temporal triumphs. Our apostle spent a considerable time in the
present County of Limerick. The fame of his miracles and sanctity had
gone before him, and the inhabitants of Thomond and northern Munster,
crossing the Shannon in their frail coracles, hastened to receive his
instruction. When giving his blessing to them on the summit of the hill
of Finnime, looking out on the rich plains before him, he is said to
have prophesied the coming of St. Senanus: "To the green island in the
West, at the mouth of the sea [i.e., Inis-Cathaigh, now Scattery
Island, at the mouth of the Shannon, near Kilrush], the lamp of the
people of God will come; he will be the head of counsel to all this
territory." At Sangril (now Singland), in Limerick, and also in the
district of Gerryowen, the holy wells of the saint are pointed out, and
the slab of rock, which served for his bed, and the altar on which
every day he offered up the Holy Sacrifice. On the banks of the Suit,
and the Blackwater, and the Lee, wherever the saint preached during the
seven years he spent in Munster, a hearty welcome awaited him. The
ancient Life attests: "After Patrick had founded cells and churches in
Munster, and had ordained persons of every grade, and healed the sick,
and resuscitated the dead, he bade them farewell, and imparted his
blessing to them." The words of this blessing, which is said to have
been given from the hills of Tipperary, as registered in the saint's
Life, to which I have just referred, are particularly beautiful: 
A blessing on the Munster people — 
Men, youths, and women; 
A blessing on the land 
That yields them fruit.

A blessing on every treasure 
That shall be produced on their plains, 
Without any one being in want of help, 
God's blessing be on Munster.

A blessing on their peaks, 
On their bare flagstones, 
A blessing on their glens, 
A blessing on their ridges.

Like the sand of the sea under ships, 
Be the number in their hearths; 
On slopes, on plains, 
On mountains, on hills, a blessing.
St. Patrick continued until his death to visit and watch over the
churches which he had founded in all the provinces in Ireland. He
comforted the faithful in their difficulties, strengthened them in the
Faith and in the practice of virtue, and appointed pastors to continue
his work among them. It is recorded in his Life that he consecrated no
fewer than 350 bishops. He appointed St. Loman to Trim, which rivalled
Armaugh itself in its abundant harvest of piety. St. Guasach, son of
his former master, Milchu, became Bishop of Granard, while the two
daughters of the same pagan chieftan founded close by, at Clonbroney, a
convent of pious virgins, and merited the aureola of sanctity. St. Mel,
nephew of our apostle, had the charge of Ardagh; St. MacCarthem, who
appears to have been patricularly loved by St. Patrick, was made Bishop
of Clogher. The narrative in the ancient Life of the saint regarding
his visit to the district of Costello, in the County of Mayo, serves to
illustrate his manner of dealing with the chieftains. He found, it
says, the chief, Ernasc, and his son, Loarn, sitting under a tree,
"with whom he remained, together with his twelve companions, for a
week, and they received from him the doctrine of salvation with
attentive ear and mind. Meanwhile he instructed Loarn in the rudiments
of learning and piety." A church was erected there, and, in after
years, Loarn was appointed to its charge. 
The manifold virtues by which the early saints were distinguished shone
forth in all their perfection in the life of St. Patrick. When not
engaged in the work of the sacred ministry, his whole time was spent in
prayer. Many times in the day he armed himself with the sign of the
Cross. He never relaxed his penetential exercises. Clothed in a rough
hair-shirt, he made the hard rock his bed. His disinterestedness is
specially commemorated. Countless coverts of high rank would cast their
precious ornaments at his feet, but all were restored to them. He had
not come to Erin in search of material wealth, but to enrich her with
the priceless treasures of the Catholic Faith. From time to time he
withdrew from the spiritual duties of his apostolate to devote himself
wholly to prayer and penance. One of his chosen places of solitude and
retreat was the island of Lough Derg, which, to our own day, has
continued to be a favourite resort of pilgrims, and it is known as St.
Patrick's Purgatory.  Another theatre of his miraculous power and piety
and penetential austerities in the west of Ireland merits particular
attention. In the far west of Connaught there is a range of tall
mountains, which, arrayed in rugged majesty, bid defiance to the waves
and storms of the Atlantic. At the head of this range arises a stately
cone in solitary grandeur, about 4000 feet in height, facing Crew Bay,
and casting its shadow over the adjoining districts of Aghagower and
Westport. This mountain was known in pagan times as the Eagle Mountain,
but ever since Ireland was enlightened with the light of Faith it is
known as Croagh Patrick, i.e. St. Patrick's mountain, and is honoured
as the Holy Hill, the Mount Sinai, of Ireland. St. Patrick, in
obedience to his guardian angel, made this mountain his hallowed place
of retreat. In imitation of the great Jewish legislator on Sinai, he
spent forty days on its summit in fasting and prayer, and other
penetential exercises. His only shelter from the fury of the elements,
the wind and rain, the hail and snow, was a cave, or recess, in the
solid rock; and the flagstone on which he rested his weary limbs at
night is still pointed out. The whole purpose ofhis prayer was to
obtain special blessings and mercy for the Irish race, whom he
evangelized. The demons that made Ireland their battlefield mustered
all their strength to tempt the saint and disturb him in his solitude,
and turn him away, if possible, from his pious purpose. They gathered
around the hill in the form of vast flocks of hideous birds of prey. So
dense were their ranks that they seemed to cover the whole mountain,
like a cloud, and they so filled the air that Patrick could see neither
sky nor earth nor ocean. St. Patrick besought God to scatter the
demons, but for a time it would seem as if his prayers and tears were
in vain. At length he rang his sweet-sounding bell, symbol of his
preaching of the Divine truths. Its sound was heard all over the
valleys and hills of Erin, everywhere bringing peace and joy. The
flocks of demons began to scatter, He flung his bell among them; they
took to precipitate flight, and cast themselves into the ocean. So
complete was the saint's victory over them that, as the ancient
narrative adds, "for seven years no evil thing was to be found in
Ireland." The saint, however, would not, as yet, descend from the
mountain. He had vanquished the demons, but he would now wrestle with
God Himself, like Jacob of old, to secure the spiritual interests of
his people. The angel had announced to him that, to reward his fidelity
in prayer and penance, as many of his people would be gathered into
heaven as would cover the land and sea as far as his vision could
reach. Far more ample, however, were the aspirations of the saint, and
he resolved to persevere in fasting and prayer until the fullest
measure of his petition was granted. Again and again the angel came to
comfort him, announcing new concessions; but all these would
notsuffice. He would not relinquish his post on the mountain, or relax
his penance, until all were granted. At length the message came that
his prayers were heard: 
many souls would be free from the pains of purgatory through his
intercession; 
whoever in the spirit of penance would recite his hymn before death
would attain the heavenly reward; 
barbarian hordes would never obtain sway in his Church; 
seven years before the Judgement Day, the sea would spread over Ireland
to save its people from the temptations and terrors of the Antichrist;
and 
greatest blessing of all, Patrick himself should be deputed to judge
the whole Irish race on the last day.
Such were the extraordinary favors which St. Patrick, with his
wrestling with the Most High, his unceasing prayers, his unconquerable
love of heavenly things, and his unremitting penetential deeds,
obtained for the people whom he evangelized. 
It is sometimes supposed that St. Patrick's apostolate in Ireland was
an unbroken series of peaceful triumphs, and yet it was quite the
reverse. No storm of persecution was, indeed stirred up to assail the
infant Church, but the saint himself was subjected to frequent trials
at the hands of the druids and of other enemies of the Faith. He tells
us in his "Confessio" that no fewer than twelve times he and his
companions were seized and carried off as captives, and on one occasion
in particular he was loaded with chains, and his death was decreed. But
from all these trials and sufferings he was liberated by a benign
Providence. It is on account of the many hardships which he endured for
the Faith that, in some of the ancient Martyrologies, he is honoured as
a martyr. St. Patrick, having now completed his triumph over Paganism,
and gathered Ireland into the fold of Christ, prepared for the summons
to his reward. St. Brigid came to him with her chosen virgins, bringing
the shroud in which he would be enshrined. It is recorded that when St.
Patrick and St. Brigid were united in their last prayer, a special
vision was shown to him. Hesaw the whole of Ireland lit up with the
brightest rays of Divine Faith. This continued for centuries, and then
clouds gathered around the devoted island, and, little by little, the
religious glory faded away, until, in the course of centuries, it was
only in the remotest valleys that some glimmer of its light remained.
St. Patrick prayed that the light would never be extinguished, and, as
he prayed, the angel came to him and said: "Fear not: your apostolate
shall never cease." As he thus prayed, the glimmering light grew in
brightness, and ceased not until once more all the hills and valleys of
Ireland were lit up in their pristine splendour, and then the angel
announced to St. Patrick: "Such shall be the abiding splendour of
Divine truth in Ireland." At Saul (Sabhall), St. Patrick received the
summons to his reward on 17 March, 493. St. Tassach administered the
last sacraments to him. His remains were wrapped in the shroud woven by
St. Brigid's own hands. The bishops and clergy and faithful people from
all parts crowded around his remains to pay due honour to the Father of
their Faith. Some of the ancient Lives record that for several days the
light of heaven shone around his bier. His remains were interred at the
chieftan's Dun or Fort two miles from Saul, where in after times arose
the cathedral of Down. 
WRITINGS OF ST. PATRICK
The "Confessio" and the "Epistola ad Coroticum" are recognized by all
modern critical writers as of unquestionable genuineness. The best
edition, with text, translation, and critical notes, is by Rev. Dr.
White for the Royal Irish Academy, in 1905. The 34 canons of a synod
held before the year 460 by St. Patrick, Auxilius, and Isserninus,
though rejected by Todd and Haddan, have been placed by Professor Bury
beyond the reach of controversy. Another series of 31 ecclesiastical
canons entitled "Synodus secunda Patritii", though unquestionably of
Irish origin and dating before the close of the seventh century, is
generally considered to be of a later date than St. Patrick. Two tracts
(in P.L., LIII), entitled "De abusionibus saeculi", and "De Tribus
habitaculis", were composed by St. Patrick in Irish and translated into
Latin at a later period. Passages from them are assigned to St. Patrick
inthe "Collectio Hibernensis Canonum", which is of unquestionable
authority and dates from the year 700 (Wasserschleben, 2nd ed., 1885).
This "Collectio Hibernensis" also assigns to St. Patrick the famous
synodical decree: "Si quae quaestiones in hac insula oriantur, ad Sedem
Apostolicam referantur." (If any difficulties arise in this island, let
them be referred to the Apostolic See). The beautiful prayer, known as
"Faeth Fiada", or the "Lorica of St. Patrick" (St. Patrick's
Breast-Plate), first edited by Petrie in his "History of Tara", is now
universally accepted as genuine. The "Dicta Sancti Patritii", or brief
sayings of the saint, preserved in the "Book of Armagh", are accurately
edited by Fr. Hogan, S.J., in "Documenta de S. Patritio" (Brussels,
1884). The old Irish text of "The Rule of Patrick" has been edited by
O'Keeffe, and a translation by Archbishop Healy in the appendix to his
Life of St. Patrick (Dublin, 1905). It is a tract of venerable
antiquity, and embodies the teaching of the saint. 
The Trias thaumaturga (gol., Louvain, 1647) of of the Franciscan COLGAN
is the most completecollection of the ancient Lives of the saint. The
Kemare Life of Saint Patrick (CUSACK, Dublin, 1869) presents from the
pen of HENNESSY the translation of the Irish Tripartite Life, with
copious notes. WHITLEY STOKES, in the Rolls Series (London, 1887), has
given the textand translation of the Vita Tripartita, together with
many original documents from the Book ofAmragh and other sources. The
most noteworthy works of later years are SHEARMAN, Loca Patriciana
(Dublin, 1879); TODD, St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland (Dublin, 1864);
BURY, Life of St. Patrick (London, 1905); HEALY, The Life and Writings
of St. Patrick (Dublin, 1905). 

PATRICK FRANCIS CARDINAL MORAN 
Transcribed by Mary Doorley 
And now transmitted by the Supple Doctor.

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