Peter, 1. The German miners who came to England in 1567 or so under Daniel Hechstetter and settled in the Lake District are relevant. About a year after establishing the settlement at Keswick, Hechstetter asked specifically for a German-speaking priest to conduct religious services in the men's own language. Ref; is M.B. Donald, "Elizabethan Copper" and some of the similar texts which cover this mining project. 2. The influence of the deity on mineral deposits is a little outside of your question but I seem to remenber that Alonso Barba, in "Arte de los Metalles", has bits on how the power of prayer can help if you come across a poor vein. It was well known at the time that if you covered the vein up, it would grow bigger and that a little prayer helped with this. The size of the Bolivian mineral deposits in the twentieth century is clear proof that it worked. Regards Richard %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%