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Dear All, Thanks for helping out on this question. Special appreciation to Martin, Sunil and Gerhard. Your answers have been very useful to my research. Best Regards Gbenga Dr. Gbenga Oduntan Reader (Associate Professor) -International Commercial Law Convenor, International Commercial Law Programme Kent Law School, Eliot College, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, UK. Switchboard 0044 (0)1227 764000 (ext 4817) Direct Line 0044 (0)1227 824817 Fax: 0044 (0) 1227 827831 Email: [log in to unmask] http://www.kent.ac.uk/law/people/academic/Oduntan,_Gbenga.html Feel free to link up with me on LinkedIn or Twitter https://twitter.com/oduntan_gbenga ________________________________ From: International boundaries discussion list <[log in to unmask]> on behalf of Martin Pratt <[log in to unmask]> Sent: Tuesday, September 11, 2018 5:12 AM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: [INT-BOUNDARIES] Competitors to WGS-84 Dear Gbenga, I suspect you may be thinking of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr). The ITRF was developed by the international scientific community, while the World Geodetic System was developed by the US Department of Defence. Beyond the difference in origins, however, my understanding there is no difference between the two systems for most practical purposes – indeed the WGS 84 reference frame is periodically re-aligned to the ITRF. So unless one is trying to define an international boundary with sub-centimetric precision, the turning points of the boundary will have the same coordinates in both WGS 84 and ITRF. I hope this is of some help – and if I have over-simplified the relationship between the two reference systems, I am happy to be corrected by the geodesists on the list. Best wishes, m a r t i n From: International boundaries discussion list <[log in to unmask]> On Behalf Of Sunil Bisnath Sent: 10 September 2018 08:20 To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: Competitors to WGS-84 Colleagues, The WGS-84 spatial reference system (or datum) is one of many such systems in existence. However, as it is the one used by the U.S. government to describe GPS coordinates - and all of its other military positioning, navigating and mapping activities, WGS-84 (and its updates) has been ubiquitous for a few decades now. I note that most countries or continents have their own spatial reference systems in place, and each GNSS constellation has its own as well. Best regards, Sunil Sunil Bisnath PhD PEng | Associate Professor | Geomatics Engineering Dept of Earth & Space Science & Engineering | Lassonde School of Engineering 129 Petrie Science & Engineering Building | York University | 4700 Keele St | Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3 [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]> | www.yorku.ca/sbisnath<http://www.yorku.ca/sbisnath> | lassonde.yorku.ca<http://lassonde.yorku.ca> | T: 416.736.2100 x20556 | F: 416.736.5817 On Sep 7, 2018, at 2:59 PM, Gbenga Oduntan <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote: Dear All, This is for our more scientific colleagues. I am aware that the WGS-84 is not the only show in town, although it appears to be the most subscribed/successful. I am after the name and description of its competitors if any is still standing -particularly one that used to be a French system. Hope someone can help on this. Best Regards Gbenga Dr. Gbenga Oduntan Reader (Associate Professor) -International Commercial Law Convenor, International Commercial Law Programme Kent Law School, Eliot College, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, UK. Switchboard 0044 (0)1227 764000 (ext 4817) Direct Line 0044 (0)1227 824817 Fax: 0044 (0) 1227 827831 Email: [log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]> http://www.kent.ac.uk/law/people/academic/Oduntan,_Gbenga.html Feel free to link up with me on LinkedIn or Twitter https://twitter.com/oduntan_gbenga ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the INT-BOUNDARIES list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=INT-BOUNDARIES&A=1 ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the INT-BOUNDARIES list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=INT-BOUNDARIES&A=1 ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the INT-BOUNDARIES list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=INT-BOUNDARIES&A=1 ######################################################################## To unsubscribe from the INT-BOUNDARIES list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=INT-BOUNDARIES&A=1