Hi I think height is associated with increased mortality. See ‘thrifty phenotype’: https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article/60/1/5/322752 Cheers Kevin On 13 May 2018, at 17:59, Anoop Balachandran <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote: Latest study in BMJ: https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k1651 Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer outcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK Biobank participants They used height in one of the models as a confounder. My question is that height is associated with grip strength, but is it associated with mortality and diseases? Doesn't a confounder has to be associated with BOTH the predictor and the outcome? Can anyone explain this please.