Having worked with deaf people many years and having studied the history of deaf education, there is absolutely no indication that anyone was concerned with the congenitally deaf from a religious point of view until the 18th century. Congenitally deaf people were generally considered in the same category as mentally deficient. People who became deaf at a post-language acquisition age, however, were another matter. They could usually still talk and may have been able to lip read to some extent. Chaucer's Wife of Bath being an fictitious example.
The origin of scientific approaches to the education of the deaf apparently was more concerned with inheritance law than canon law.
As a contemporary note, in Philadelphia where I live today, Catholics, Lutherans, Baptists, and especially Episcopals all have special ministries to the deaf, usually including American Sign Language fluent ministers.
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