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medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture Duke Henry III Bavaria was the elder son of duke Henry the Quarrelsome. The beneficiary of a fairly extensive clerical education from early childhood onward -- St. Wolfgang of Regensburg was in charge of his initial formal schooling; later he studied at the cathedral school of Hildesheim --, he succeeded to the duchy in 995 when he was in his early twenties. In January 1002 Henry's second cousin Otto III died prematurely in Italy; six months later, having first dealt with other claimants, Henry had himself crowned king of the Germans at Mainz. His coronation as king of Italy followed in May 1004. In February 1014 he was crowned emperor and so received the ordinal number by which he is usually known. Henry and his queen / empress, St. Kunigunde, were greatly concerned to further and improve the state of the church, especially in German-speaking lands. Their concern expressed itself in such ways as the creation of the diocese of Bamberg, the foundation of numerous monasteries, and the Cluniac-inspired reform of others (including some that probably were not in need, or not greatly in need, of such attention from above). Henry died in 1024. Both the royal / imperial pair's exceptional solicitude for the church and their childlessness, the latter giving rise to a view that theirs was a chaste marriage, contributed to their individual reputations for holiness. Henry (also known as Henry of Bamberg and as Henry the Lame) was canonized in 1146. 13. July is his feast day in the diocese of Bamberg and his day of commemoration in the Roman Martyrology. In most German dioceses it is the joint feast day of Sts. Henry II and Kunigunde. Kunigunde's day of commemoration in the Roman Martyrology and her feast day in Bamberg is 3. March. Some period-pertinent images of St. Henry II: a) as twice depicted in full-page illuminations in the early eleventh-century Sacramentary of Henry II (betw. 1002 and 1014; Munich, BSB, Clm 4456): 1) at center, supported by Sts. Ulrich and Emmeram; being crowned king of the Germans (fol. 11r): http://tinyurl.com/p3kd27r 2) at center, enthroned (fol. 11v): http://tinyurl.com/jrthnfh b) as depicted (at left; at right [fol. 8r], the BVM) in a full-length portrait in an early eleventh-century copy, from Seeon abbey, of the Gospels (ca. 1007-1012; Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc.Bibl.95, fol. 7v): http://tinyurl.com/hh5fujc c) as depicted (upper register, just left of center, being crowned king of the Germans; just right of center, St. Kunigunde) in a full-page miniature in the early eleventh-century Gospel Pericopes of Henry II (betw. 1007 and 1014; Munich, BSB, Clm 4452, fol. 2r): http://tinyurl.com/q32xgku d) as very probably depicted (at lower left, receiving from a monk his presentation copy; above left, St. Gregory the Great) in an earlier eleventh-century copy, from Seeon abbey, of St. Gregory the Great's _Homeliae in Ezechielem_ [but often called a copy of his _Moralia in Job_] (ca. 1001-1025; to judge from the radiate crown, prob. ca. 1014-1025; Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc.Bibl. 84, fol. 1a v): http://tinyurl.com/hds5cy7 http://tinyurl.com/hd49z9d NB: The misleadingly strong colors are an artifact of an early nineteenth-century "restoration". e) as portrayed (at left; at right, St. Kunigunde; both in proskinesis at the feet of Christ) on the earlier eleventh-century Antependium of Basel (1019?) in the Musée National du Moyen Age (Musée de Cluny) in Paris (photographs courtesy of Genevra Kornbluth): http://www.kornbluthphoto.com/images/BaselAntependium_1-1.jpg Detail view (Henry): http://www.kornbluthphoto.com/images/BaselAntependium_7.jpg f) as depicted in one of the later twelfth-century "emperor" windows of the cathedral of Strasbourg (Bay 7; ca. 1167-1200): http://tinyurl.com/o9c8qke g) as twice depicted (both times at upper left) in pen-and-ink drawings in John Berard's late twelfth-century cartulary chronicle of the abbey of San Clemente a Casauria (Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 5411, fols. 181r, 181v): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84526553/f373.item.zoom http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84526553/f374.item.zoom h) as portrayed in relief (at far left, flanking the Theotokos, the enthroned Christ, and St. Castulus; at far right, bishop Adalbert of Freising (1158-1184) on the tympanum of the main portal of the Münster St. Kastulus in Moosburg an der Isar: http://tinyurl.com/hdsn2u2 https://www.flickr.com/photos/martin-m-miles/8228596432 i) as portrayed (at right; at left, St. Kunigunde), in recent replacement copies (mounted, 2002) of earlier thirteenth-century statues on Bamberg cathedral's Adamspforte (Adam's Portal; variously dated to ca. 1225 or to ca. 1237): http://www.hochmittelalter.net/Wissenswertes/Kleidung/10110006.jpg http://tinyurl.com/oesu3vv The original statues are now in the diocesan museum. Detail views of that pair's Henry may be seen here: http://tinyurl.com/o3d4ucb j) as portrayed (at right; at left, St. Kunigunde) in late thirteenth-century statues (ca. 1290) on Basel's ex-cathedral, the Basler Münster, whose rebuilding Henry initiated and which later medieval tradition in Basel held had been consecrated in the couple's presence in 1019: http://tinyurl.com/qxztblo http://www.altbasel.ch/pic/doss_heinrich1.jpg Detail views (Henry): http://tinyurl.com/hu572mx http://tinyurl.com/6sjsezg k) as portrayed in relief (at left; at right, St. Kunigunde) as founders on the fourteenth-century tomb (1340) of bishop St. Otto of Bamberg (d. 1139) in the crypt of Bamberg's St. Michelskirche: http://tinyurl.com/otovv9d Detail view: http://tinyurl.com/o6nlfx8 l) as depicted in a mid-fourteenth-century glass window panel (ca. 1340-1350) formerly in the Stadtpfarrkirche zum Hl. Leonhard in Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal in Austria's Land Kärnten and now in the Cloisters Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York: http://www.burgenseite.com/glas/st_leonhart_heinrichII_glas.jpg m) as portrayed (at upper left) in a statuette on the mid-fourteenth-century reliquary silver gilt monstrance of Sts. Henry II and Kunigunde (betw. 1347 and 1356) in the Historisches Museum Basel: http://tinyurl.com/jv3m8tt n) as depicted (upper register at left, flanking the BVM and Christ Child; at right, St. Kunigunde) in an originally early fifteenth-century window (ca. 1414) from the Andreaskapelle in the cloister of Bamberg's cathedral, now in the diocesan museum there: http://tinyurl.com/nbdgnjo o) as depicted (at lower left; at lower right, St. Kunigunde) in an early fifteenth-century pen-and-ink drawing of the rear of the Bamberg Rationale (probably ca. 1415; Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek Bamberg, Msc. Add. 3001): http://tinyurl.com/h2blny2 Detail view (Henry): http://tinyurl.com/h92asoj p) as portrayed (at left; at right, St. Kunigunde) in an early fifteenth-century statue formerly on the west pediment of the Basler Münster and now on display in the Museum Kleines Klingental in Basel: https://www.flickr.com/photos/40826712@N00/17189584610 q) as depicted (second from right, between St. Kunigunde and Jesus) in the earlier fifteenth-century Ehenheim Epitaph (after 1438) in the St. Lorenzkirche in Nürnberg (since 1015 part of the diocese of Bamberg): http://differentvisions.org/issue1PDFs/Schleif.pdf [image is on p. 19] r) as portrayed in relief (at right; at left, St. Kunigunde) by Kaspar Schockholz in the mid-fifteenth-century choir stalls (1446) of the ex-cathedral of Merseburg (Henry was present at its consecration in 1021): http://tinyurl.com/hn2x9ck s) as depicted (panel at right; his coronation as emperor) in a mid-fifteenth-century copy of Giovanni Colonna's _Mare historiarum_ (betw. 1447 and 1455; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 4915, fol. 336v): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000905v/f742.item.zoom t) as depicted (at left; at right, St. Kunigunde; both holding a model of Bamberg's cathedral) in a panel of the late fifteenth-century Hertnid von Stein altarpiece (betw. 1480 and 1486) in the St. Lorenzkirche in Hof: http://tinyurl.com/haaqzn5 u) as depicted (at left with St. Kunigunde, both holding a model of Bamberg's cathedral) in a hand-colored woodcut in an unidentified copy of the Bamberg breviary of 1484 (the arms at right are those of prince bishop Philipp von Henneberg): http://tinyurl.com/nq6843r v) as portrayed in relief (at upper left) on the late fifteenth-century bronze armorial plaque (ca. 1489) of Merseburg's bishop Thilo of Trotha on the castle of Merseburg: http://tinyurl.com/pws395r w) as depicted (at left; at right, St. Kunigunde) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Beloit College copy of Hartmann Schedel's _Weltchronik_ (_Nuremberg Chronicle_; 1493) at fol. CLXXXVIr: http://tinyurl.com/c3hpqf x) as portrayed in relief (at left; at right, St. Kunigunde) on one of a pair of late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century wooden panels in the diocesan museum in Bamberg: http://images.eo-bamberg.de/5/430/1/11400220657930457.jpg y) as depicted (at bottom left with St. Kunigunde; both holding a model of a church [the cathedral of Merseburg?]) in a panel of the late fifteenth- or earlier sixteenth-century predella affixed in 1926 to the so-called Riemenschneider altarpiece in the cathedral of Bamberg: http://tinyurl.com/olxmgc2 z) as depicted (at left with St. Kunigunde, both holding a model of Bamberg's cathedral) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Staatsbibliothek Bamberg's copy of the Bamberg missal of 1507 (the arms at right are those of prince bishop Georg III. Schenk von Limburg): http://tinyurl.com/m62djl3 aa) as depicted in a panel of an early sixteenth-century glass window (Bay 9, 1a-2a; ca. 1510), probably from Nürnberg, in the basilique St.-Nicolas in Saint-Nicolas-de-Port (Meurthe-et-Moselle; photographs courtesy of Gordon Plumb): https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4124755209 Detail view: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4124759759 bb) as portrayed (at left, flanking the BVM; at right, St. Kunigunde) in modern replacements for their early sixteenth-century statues (ca. 1511) above the clock on the facade of Basel's city hall: http://tinyurl.com/mubwlq8 The original statues mounted inside the city hall (the BVM was refashioned in 1609 as Justitia): http://www.feierabend.de/images/channel/web/16/8/g.1498498.jpg cc) as portrayed in relief (at right; at left, St. Kunigunde) by Tilman Riemenschneider on the cover of their early sixteenth-century tomb in Bamberg's cathedral (contracted for in 1499, completed in 1513): http://tinyurl.com/6oq2gl2 dd) as depicted (at center; his coronation as emperor) by the Master of the Cité des Dames in a panel of a half-page quadripartite illumintation in a late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century copy of part of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language translation by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1500; Den Haag, KB, ms. 72 A 24, fol. 3r): http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_72a24%3A003r_min_a1 ee) as portrayed in relief by Tilman Riemenschneider on flank panels of Henry's and Kunigunde's early sixteenth-century tomb in Bamberg's cathedral (contracted for in 1499, completed in 1513): 1) at left; at right, St. Kunigunde on the hot ploughshares: http://tinyurl.com/j5n2rrc http://tinyurl.com/jo43d2z 2) at center, being relieved of a gallstone by St. Benedict while his physician sleeps: http://tinyurl.com/z85zt6v 3) at left, on his deathbed; at center, St. Kunigunde: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hen-magonza/4186685753/ http://tinyurl.com/gks2zvw 4) at left; at center St. Lawrence; at right, St. Michael weighing souls: http://tinyurl.com/z3fdf3g http://www.roma-antiqua.de/forum/galerie/data/1663/BILD8713.JPG ff) as portrayed in relief (upper register at right) on an early sixteenth-century Goldgulden (1507) from Bamberg: http://www.coingallery.de/Heilige/H/Heinrich_II.htm gg) as portrayed (at right, flanking the BVM and Christ Child; at left, St. Castulus) in polychromed and gilt statues on the earlier sixteenth-century altarpiece (1514) of the Münster St. Kastulus in Moosburg an der Isar: http://tinyurl.com/zzglusg hh) as depicted (bottom register at left; at right, St. Kunigunde) on the cross of an early sixteenth-century chasuble (1519) in the cathedral museum in Salzburg: http://tarvos.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/server/images/7003054.JPG ii) as portrayed in relief (holding one half of a model of the cathedral of Bamberg) on an earlier sixteenth-century stall end (1519) in the ex-cathedral of Merseburg: http://tinyurl.com/ordu3r5 On the corresponding stall end in the facing stalls Kunigunde holds a model of the other half of the cathedral: http://tinyurl.com/p6skceo jj) as portrayed (at center) in an earlier sixteenth-century polychromed and gilt statue (ca. 1520-1525) on Bamberg cathedral's so-called Riemenschneider Altar (the statue of St. Sebastian has been attributed to Tilman Riemenschneider): http://tinyurl.com/olxmgc2 kk) as depicted (at right; at left, St. Kunigunde) by Hans Holbein the Younger in an an earlier sixteenth-century set of drawings (ca. 1525-1526; study for an organ shutter) in the Kunstmuseum Basel: http://tinyurl.com/z2ht8ob ll) as depicted by Lucas Cranach the Elder and workshop on a wing of the Heinrichsaltar (Altar of Henry II; ca. 1535-1537) in the ex-cathedral of Merseburg: http://tinyurl.com/zeytwh4 Best, John Dillon ********************************************************************** To join the list, send the message: subscribe medieval-religion YOUR NAME to: [log in to unmask] To send a message to the list, address it to: [log in to unmask] To leave the list, send the message: unsubscribe medieval-religion to: [log in to unmask] In order to report problems or to contact the list's owners, write to: [log in to unmask] For further information, visit our web site: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/medieval-religion