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. . SPORTS: MEDICINE : SPORTS: INJURIES: PREVENTION: UCLA Sports Medicine Takes Proactive Approach to Injury Prevention . . UCLA Sports Medicine Takes Proactive Approach to Injury Prevention Trainers must contend with athletes false sense of security as protective gear continues to improve By ANDREW MONCADA Published October 26, 2011, 12:55 am in Sports Daily Bruin University of California Los Angeles http://www.dailybruin.com/index.php/article/2011/10/ ucla_sports_medicine_takes_proactive_approach_to_injury_prevention . A shorter URL for the above link: . http://tinyurl.com/3qanzql . . In fall 1894, the Yale Bulldogs visited the Harvard Crimson for one of the most violent football games ever played. Dressed in simple uniforms, worn-down cleats and strips of leather around their heads, these Leather Lids (a euphemism for football players back in those days) gathered at the line of scrimmage for what would be known as the Bloodbath in Hampden Park. . While the Bulldogs came away with a 12-4 win, the game included a broken leg, a shattered collarbone on a botched fair catch, crushed noses, several head injuries and gouged eyes. Bulldog tackle Fred Murphy suffered so many late hits that he had to be carried out on a stretcher, falling into a coma that lasted several hours. . Collegiate football turned more brutal as it entered the 20th century, peaking in 1905 with a reported 137 serious injuries and 19 deaths. . Even President Theodore Roosevelt intervened by bringing together Ivy League representatives to identify ways to make the game less violent. Soon there were stiffer penalties, the creation of the neutral zone to give more space between opposing players, and the forward pass. . But now consider the modern football helmet. . Introduced by Illinois high school coach John Riddell in 1939, the helmet was seen as revolutionary to the game of football. Its plastic shell formed to the contours of the players head, the padding provided extra cushioning on hard collisions and the facemask, introduced in 1940, meant that the entire head was protected. . No one, it seemed, would have to suffer any life-threatening injuries. . The immediate impact was promising as head-related injuries began to decrease. But as safety evolved, so did the style of the game. . Fitted with more advanced equipment, players adopted almost an entirely different game: Instead of laboring down in the trenches, players shot around the field like torpedoes, launching themselves headfirst into the opponent. Since the introduction of the modern helmet, fatal head injuries have decreased but neck injuries have tripled, the rate of cervical spine damage has doubled and concussions have steadily increased. . The game was supposed to become safer, but it has actually gotten worse. . People would like to say that helmets make the game safer and better. But were talking about a hard shell that can only do so much to reduce impact to the head, said Dr. Gerald Finerman, the head team physician for UCLA Athletics. . Instead of using helmets to protect themselves from hits, players feel encouraged to hit even harder and engage in riskier behavior. This phenomenon is known as risk compensation. . It explains why automobile drivers tend to drive closer to a bicyclist wearing a helmet than one who is not, why condoms havent reduced the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and why drivers with anti-lock brakes are prone to speeding. . . The complete article may be read at the URL above. . . 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