.

.


SPORTS MEDICINE :

SPORTS: INJURIES: CONCUSSSIONS :

SPORTS: FOOTBALL: PROFESSIONAL (NFL):

STATISTICS :

DATA:

Twelve Years of National Football League Concussion Data

.

.


Twelve Years of National Football League Concussion Data

Ira R. Casson, MD,* Dr med David C. Viano, PhD, John W. Powell, PhD,? and
Elliot J. Pellman, MD#

Sports Health

2010 Nov; 2(6): 471483.

doi: 10.1177/1941738110383963

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3438866/

Abstract

.

Background:

.

Concussion in the National Football League (NFL) remains an important
issue. An initial description of the injury epidemiology involved 6 years
from 1996 to 2001.

.

Hypothesis:

The increased attention to concussions may have resulted in team
physicians being more conservative in treating players in recent years.

.

Study Design:

.

Two consecutive 6-year periods (1996-2001 and 2002-2007) were compared to
determine changes in the circumstances associated with the injury, the
patterns of signs and symptoms, and the players time loss from
participation in the NFL.

.

Methods:

.

During 2002-2007, concussions were recorded by NFL team physicians and
athletic trainers using the same standardized reporting form used from
1996 to 2001. Player position, type of play, concussion signs and
symptoms, loss of consciousness, and medical action taken were recorded.

.

Results:

.

There were 0.38 documented concussions per NFL game in 2002-20077.6% lower
than the 0.42 in the earlier period (1996-2001). The injury rate was lower
in quarterbacks and wide receivers but significantly higher in tight ends
during the second 6 years. The most frequent symptoms were headaches and
dizziness; the most common signs were problems with information processing
and immediate recall. During 2002-2007, a significantly lower fraction of
concussed players returned to the same game, and more were removed from
play. Most concussed players (83.5%) returned to play in < 7 days; the
percentage decreased to 57.4% with loss of consciousness. The number of
players returning in < 7 days was 8% lower during 2002-2007 and 25% lower
for those with loss of consciousness.

.

Conclusion:

.

The most recent 6 years of NFL concussion data show a remarkable
similarity to the earlier period. However, there was a significant
decrease in the percentage of players returning to the same game, and
players were held out of play longer.

.

Clinical Relevance:

There was a more conservative management of concussion in NFL players from
2002 to 2007 even though the clinical signs and symptoms remained similar
to the earlier 6-year period.

.

Keywords:

.

concussion, traumatic brain injury, injury epidemiology, sport
injury prevention


.

.

Topics Covered in This Article

Materials and Methods

Signs and Symptoms

Data Documentation

Data Analysis and Statistics

Results

Discussion

Physician Management of Concussion

Neuropsychological Testing

Change in Concussion Incidence

Rules of Play

Tight Ends

Kickoffs and Punts

Quarterbacks and Defensive Linemen

Summary

There are a number of possible explanations for the changes in the RTP
data and the incidence of concussion during the second 6-year period.
Multiple factors may have played a role in causing these differences,
including the efforts by the NFL, the NFL Players Association, NFL team
athletic trainers and physicians, and safety equipment manufacturers to
ameliorate the effects of head injury on NFL players.
Go to:
Acknowledgments

The authors were members of the National Football Leagues Mild Traumatic
Brain Injury Committee during the conduct of this research. Funding for
the research was provided by the National Football League and NFL
Charities, the latter of which is funded by the National Football League
Players Association and the league. Their support and encouragement to
conduct research on concussion are greatly appreciated.

The opinions and views presented in this article are those of the authors
and not necessarily the National Football League. They are offered as part
of an effort to better understand the causes and consequences of playing
football on the brain and to lay out what additional efforts are needed to
prevent brain injury and improve the health, safety, and welfare of
individuals playing football.

The assistance of the National Football League team physicians and
athletic trainers is appreciated in filling out the concussion reports,
and so are the players who consented to participate in the epidemiology
study through a blinded identification in the concussion database. We also
thank the staff at Med Sports Systems for their efforts in managing and
verifying the concussion data.
Go to:


Footnotes

The authors declared that they had no conflicts of interest in the
authorship and publication of this contribution.

Go to:


References


1. Casson IR, Pellman EJ, Viano DC. Concussion in the National Football
League: an overview for neurologists. Neurol Clin. 2008;26:217-241
[PubMed]


2. Casson IR, Viano DC, Pellman EJ. Synopsis of the National Football
League player health and safety meeting: Chicago, Illinois, June 19, 2007.
Neurosurgery. 2008;62:204-210 [PubMed]


3. Pellman EJ, Powell JW, Viano DC, et al. Concussion in professional
football: epidemiological features of game injuries and review of the
literature. Part 3. Neurosurgery. 2004;54:81-97 [PubMed]


4. Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Casson IR, Arfken C, Feuer H. Concussion in
professional football: players returning to the same game. Part 7.
Neurosurgery. 2005;56:79-92 [PubMed]


5. Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Casson IR, Arfken C, Powell J. Concussion in
professional football: injuries involving 7+ days out. Part 5.
Neurosurgery. 2004;55:1100-1119 [PubMed]


6. Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Casson IR, et al. Concussion in professional
football: repeat injuries. Part 4. Neurosurgery. 2004;55:860-876 [PubMed]


7. Pellman EJ, Viano DC. Concussion in professional football: summary of
the research conducted by the National Football Leagues Committee on Mild
Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosurg Focus. 2006;21(4):e12. [PubMed]



.

.

The complete article may be read at the URL above.

.

.

Google Scholar

Twelve years of National Football League concussion data IR Casson, DC
Viano, JW Powell - Sports Health, 2010 - journals.sagepub.com Background:
Concussion in the National Football League (NFL) remains an important
issue. An initial description of the injury epidemiology involved 6 years
from 1996 to 2001. Hypothesis: The increased attention to concussions may
have resulted in team physicians Cited by 80 Related articles All 10
versions

http://tinyurl.com/yd8wfrpn


Content Sample


Twelve years of National Football League concussion data IR Casson, DC
Viano, JW Powell - Sports Health, 2010 - journals.sagepub.com Background:
Concussion in the National Football League (NFL) remains an important
issue. An initial description of the injury epidemiology involved 6 years
from 1996 to 2001. Hypothesis: The increased attention to concussions may
have resulted in team physicians Cited by 80 Related articles All 10
versions



[HTML] nih.gov A prospective study of concussions among National Hockey
League players during regular season games: the NHL-NHLPA Concussion
Program BW Benson, WH Meeuwisse, J Rizos - Canadian Medical , 2011 - Can
Med Assoc Cited by 114 Related articles All 16 versions National high
school athlete concussion rates from 2005-2006 to 2011-2012 JA Rosenthal,
RE Foraker, CL Collins - American journal of , 2014 - journals.sagepub.com
Cited by 110 Related articles All 9 versions



[HTML] nih.gov Repeat concussions in the national football league IR
Casson, DC Viano, JW Powell - Sports Health, 2011 - journals.sagepub.com
Cited by 17 Related articles All 10 versions



[PDF] academia.edu Frequency, magnitude, and distribution of head impacts
in Pop Warner football: the cumulative burden RH Wong, AK Wong, JE Bailes
- Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2014 - Elsevier A growing body of
research suggests that subconcussive head impacts or repetitive mild
Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can have cumulative and deleterious effects.
Cited by 39 Related articles All 11 versions On-field performance of
National Football League players after return from concussion NS Kumar, M
Chin, C O'Neill - American journal of , 2014 - journals.sagepub.com Cited
by 13 Related articles All 8 versions



[HTML] bmj.com Epidemiology of concussion in men9s elite Rugby-7s (Sevens
World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship
and Rugby Trophy, CW Fuller, A Taylor, M Raftery - Br J Sports Med, 2015 -
bjsm.bmj.com Skip to main content. This site uses cookies. More info By
continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Find
out more here. Viewing from: Google Indexer. BMJ Journals. Subscribe; Log
In More Log in via ... Cited by 46 Related articles All 12 versions



[HTML] sagepub.com Descriptive epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries
and concussions in the National Football League, 2012-2014 DW Lawrence, MG
Hutchison - Orthopaedic journal of , 2015 - journals.sagepub.com Cited by
21 Related articles All 8 versions



[HTML] nih.gov Frequency of head-impactrelated outcomes by position in
NCAA Division I collegiate football players CM Baugh, PT Kiernan, E
Kroshus - Journal of , 2015 - online.liebertpub.com ... Concussions during
the 1997 Canadian football league season. Clin. J. Sport Med. 10, 914. 33.
IR Casson, DC Viano, JW Powell, and EJ Pellman (2010). Twelve years of
national football league concussion data. Sports Health. 2, 471483. 34.
... Cited by 47 Related articles All 10 versions



[PDF] semanticscholar.org [PDF] The National Football League and chronic
traumatic encephalopathy: legal implications C Korngold, HM Farrell -
Journal of the American , 2013 - pdfs.semanticscholar.org ... repetitive
head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68:70935, 2009 42. Casson IR, Viano
DC, Powell JW, et al: Twelve years of National Football League concussion
data. Sports Health 2:471 83, 2010 43. Guskiewicz KM, Marshall ... Cited
by 16 Related articles All 5 versions



.


.


Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
[log in to unmask]
http://workface.com/e/daviddillard

Net-Gold
https://groups.io/g/Net-Gold
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html
https://groups.io/org/groupsio/Net-Gold/archives
http://net-gold.3172864.n2.nabble.com/

Temple University and Google Sites Research Guides
AND Discussion Group Directory
http://tinyurl.com/ngda2hk

OR

https://sites.google.com/site/researchguidesonsites/

FAKE NEWS
https://sites.google.com/site/fakenewsresearchguide/

RESEARCH PAPER WRITING
https://sites.google.com/site/howtowriteasuperresearchpaper/

EMPLOYMENT
https://sites.google.com/site/employmentsources/

INTERNSHIPS
http://tinyurl.com/2f9x2wp

TOURISM RESEARCH GUIDE
http://tinyurl.com/ycko9hqj


DISABILITIES AND EMPLOYMENT
https://sites.google.com/site/disabilitiesemploymentresearch/


Educator-Gold
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/

K12ADMINLIFE
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/K12AdminLIFE/


Social Work and Social Issues Discussion Group
https://groups.io/g/social-work

Tourism Discussion Group
https://groups.io/g/Tourism

Digital Scholarship Discussion Group
https://groups.io/g/DigitalScholarship/threads
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/digital-scholarship/info
https://digitalscholarshipandscholarlypublication.wordpress.com/


Copyright Research Guide
Copyright, Intellectual Property and Plagiarism Sources
https://sites.google.com/site/copyrightlawsites/

Fair Use
http://guides.temple.edu/fair-use

Blog
https://educatorgold.wordpress.com/

Articles by David Dillard
https://sites.google.com/site/daviddillardsarticles/

Information Literacy (Russell Conwell Guide)
http://tinyurl.com/78a4shn

Twitter: davidpdillard

Temple University Site Map
https://sites.google.com/site/templeunivsitemap/home

Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (eds),
Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit,
Place, New York: Cognizant Communication Books.
Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay
David P. Dillard
http://tinyurl.com/o4pn4o9

Rail Transportation
https://groups.io/org/groupsio/RailTransportation

INDOOR GARDENING
Improve Your Chances for Indoor Gardening Success
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/

SPORT-MED
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/sport-med.html
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sports-med/
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/sport-med.html

HEALTH DIET FITNESS RECREATION SPORTS TOURISM
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/healthrecsport/info
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/health-recreation-sports-tourism.html


.

.


Please Ignore All Links to JIGLU
in search results for Net-Gold and related lists.
The Net-Gold relationship with JIGLU has
been terminated by JIGLU and these are dead links.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Net-Gold/message/30664
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/message/145
Temple University Listserv Alert :
Years 2009 and 2010 Eliminated from Archives
https://sites.google.com/site/templeuniversitylistservalert/

.

.