medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
According to his eighth- and ninth century Vitae (BHL 4677, 4678), the nobly born Lambertus (in Latin also Landebertus) was educated by bishop St. Theodard of Tongeren / Tongres - Maastricht, whom he succeeded with the approval of Childeric II. After the latter's assassination Lambertus is said to have suffered the enmity of the mayor of the palace, Ebroin, to have been ejected, and to have spent seven years at the abbey of Stablo / Stavelot. Thereafter, still according to these Vitae, he was reinstated and lived at Liège / Luik / Lüttich, where he entered a monastery, prayed a great deal, was assiduous in rousing the brothers for matins, and ultimately (ca. 705) was assassinated in a family feud. A later Vita, seeking to account for Lambertus' veneration as a martyr, has him killed in retribution for having disapproved of the adulterous behavior of his assassin's sister.
According to the Vitae, Lambertus' body was returned to Maastricht for burial. Miracles were reported at his cell in the monastery at Liège and a church honoring him was erected in that town. Lambertus' successor, bishop St. Hubert (d. 727 or 728), is said to have translated his remains from Maastricht to this church, which once Hubert had established himself at Liège became the cathedral of what was now the diocese of that name. From there his cult spread widely across Europe. Lambertus is entered in the ninth-century martyrologies of St. Ado of Vienne and Usuard of Saint-Germain. Today is his feast day in The Netherlands and in Belgium and his day of commemoration in the Roman Martyrology. In German dioceses his feast is kept on 18. September.
Some period-pertinent images of St. Lambertus of Maastricht (or of Tongeren / Tongres or of Liège / Luik):
a) as depicted (at left at foot of the page; at right, St. Dionysius / Denis of Paris) in a later thirteenth-century psalter and book for hours for the Use of Liège (ca. 1251-1300; Den Haag, KB, ms. 76 G 17, fol. 82v):
http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_76g17%3A082v
b) as portrayed (fourth from left) in a silver gilt statuette on the later thirteenth-century copper gilt châsse of St. Remaclus (completed betw. 1263 and 1268) in the église Saint-Sébastien in Stavelot:
http://tinyurl.com/o2u8rsz
Detail view (zoomable image):
http://balat.kikirpa.be/photo.php?path=Z007752&objnr=10074187&lang=en-GB&nr=1
c) as depicted (martyrdom; at left, Pepin of Heristal) in a late thirteenth-century copy of French origin of the _Legenda aurea_ (ca. 1280-1300; San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, ms. HM 3027, fol. 128v):
http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ds/huntington/images//000928A.jpg
d) as depicted (martyrdom) in a late thirteenth-century collection of saint's lives in French (1285; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 412, fol. 92v):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84259980/f194.item.zoom
e) as depicted (second from right) in an earlier fourteenth-century fresco (ca. 1325) in the Marienkapelle (Lady chapel) of the Kirche St. Andreas in Köln:
http://tinyurl.com/od2zzq4
f) as depicted (preaching; martyrdom) in an earlier fourteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1326-1350; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 185, fol. 43v):
http://tinyurl.com/pkqfffl
g) as depicted (top center; martyrdom ) in a mid-fourteenth-century copy of Ulrich of Lilienfeld's _Concordantiae caritatis_ (ca. 1355; Lilienfeld, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 151, fol. 213v):
http://tarvos.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/server/images/7004998.JPG
h) as depicted in secco (upper register, between kneeling figures of Luxuria and Pietas) on the probably later fourteenth-century so-called Lambertus wall in the choir of the abbey church dedicated to him at Lambert (Lkr. Bad Dürkheim) in Rheinland-Pfalz:
http://tinyurl.com/nrjznrx
Detail view (Lambert):
http://tinyurl.com/p4fumgp
i) as depicted in a late fourteenth- or early fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Rennes, Bibliothèque de Rennes Métropole, ms. 266, fol. 262r):
http://tinyurl.com/gs2dksw
j) as portrayed (at right, flanking the BVM and Christ Child; at left, almost certainly St. Apollinaris) on a fifteenth-century pilgrim's badge from the church of the BVM in Düsseldorf (from 1394 to 1805 that city's Basilika St. Lambertus bore this dedication) in the collections of the Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel in Kassel:
http://pilgerzeichen.de/img/pzimg/498.jpg
A German-language fact sheet on this object:
http://pilgerzeichen.de/item/pz/498
k) as portrayed in a fifteenth-century polychromed wooden statue (polychromy obviously restored) in the Basilika St. Lambertus in Düsseldorf:
http://daten2.verwaltungsportal.de/dateien/seitengenerator/lambertus.jpg
l) as portrayed (grayscale image) in a fifteenth-century wooden statue (walnut) in the Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire in Brussels:
http://balat.kikirpa.be/object/20050707
m) as depicted (central section, at right in the panel at lower left; at left there, St. Servatius of Maastricht) in the early fifteenth-century Norfolk Triptych (ca. 1415-1420) in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam:
http://tinyurl.com/ovahpka
n) as portrayed (grayscale image) on a vault boss in the early fifteenth-century choir (1416) of the Sint-Lambertuskerk in Westerlo (prov. Antwerpen):
http://balat.kikirpa.be/object/29918
o) as twice depicted (with Pepin of Heristal; martyrdom) in a mid-fifteenth-century copy of Giovanni Colonna's _Mare historiarum_ (betw. 1447 and 1455; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 4915, fol. 309r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000905v/f687.item.zoom
p) as depicted in a later fifteenth-century glass window panel of Middle Rhine origin (ca. 1470) in the Musée national du Moyen Âge (Musée de Cluny) in Paris:
http://tinyurl.com/oaubv3s
q) as depicted (martyrdom) in the late fifteenth-century Diptych of Henri Palude (ca. 1488) in the Musée Grand Curtius d'Archéologie et d'Arts décoratifs in Liège:
http://tinyurl.com/phpwff8
r) as depicted (left margin, second from top) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Beloit College copy of Hartmann Schedel's late fifteenth-century _Weltchronik_ (1493; _Nuremberg Chronicle_), fol. CLVIIIv:
https://www.beloit.edu/nuremberg/book/6th_age/left_page/61%20(Folio%20CLVIIIv).pdf
s) as portrayed by Hans von Reutlingen (a.k.a. Hans von Aich) in his late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century reliquary bust (before 1512; said to be the largest late Gothic reliquary bust in Europe) in the treasury of the cathédrale Saint-Paul / Sint-Pauluskathedraal in Liège / Luik:
http://tinyurl.com/nd5qja9
t) as portrayed in an early sixteenth-century reliquary bust (1514) in the Augustinermuseum in Freiburg im Breisgau:
http://tinyurl.com/pw499ag
u) as portrayed in an earlier sixteenth-century polychromed wood statue (ca. 1515-1520) in the National Gallery of Slovenia in Ljubljana:
http://www.ng-slo.si/en/permanent-collection/1200-1600/st-lambert-anonymous?workId=1637
v) as portrayed in a statue (at right in the central portion) and depicted (on the adjacent opened wing; martyrdom and other scenes) on the earlier sixteenth-century Flemish altar in the St. Lambertus Kirche in Affeln, a locality of Neuenrade (Lkr. Märkischer Kreis) in Nordrhein-Westfalen:
http://tinyurl.com/nnslv29
Clicking on the pertinent segments of the altar as shown in "Die Ausstattung" here (lower down on the page) will yield individual pop-ups at slightly higher resolution:
http://pv-balve-hoennetal.jimdo.com/kirchen-im-pv/st-lambertus-neuenrade-affeln/
w) as portrayed in a polychromed earlier sixteenth-century wooden statue (oak; ca. 1520-1530) in the Parochiekerk Sint-Lambertus in Neeroeteren (prov. Limburg):
1) grayscale image:
http://balat.kikirpa.be/object/21732
2) at lower left, a partial view in color:
http://tinyurl.com/psnqpdt
x) as depicted (at left) in an earlier sixteenth-century glass window panel of German origin (1542) in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London:
http://tinyurl.com/nzrdaht
Best,
John Dillon
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