medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
The career and major writings of Augustine of Hippo (d. 430) are too well known to warrant a summary here. But for a brief refresher try the "Context" section of Michael Mendelson's entry on him in the _Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy_:
http://stanford.library.sydney.edu.au/entries/augustine/
Today (28. August) is Augustine's feast day in the Roman Calendar and in the calendars of churches of the Anglican Communion.
Some period-pertinent images of St. Augustine of Hippo:
a) as depicted in a late sixth-century fresco, widely thought to be his earliest surviving image, in the papal basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano:
http://www.unifr.ch/patr/ah/aug/ea1.html
b) as depicted (about to write; receiving angelic inspiration) in a mid-eleventh-century copy of his _De Genesi ad litteram_ (ca. 1040-1055; Avranches, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 75, fol. Cv):
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht9/IRHT_074889-p.jpg
Detail view:
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht9/IRHT_074890-p.jpg
c) as depicted in a late eleventh-century copy of his _Enarrationes in Psalmos_ (ca. 1087; Valenciennes, Bibliothèque de Valenciennes, ms. 39, fol. 2v):
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht5/IRHT_088339-p.jpg
d) as depicted in an historiated capital "E" in an earlier twelfth-century legendary from the abbey of Cîteaux (ca. 1101-1133; Dijon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 641, fol. 31v):
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht6/IRHT_094807-p.jpg
e) as depicted (writing) in a seemingly earlier collection of patristic writings (?ca. 1101-1150; Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, ms. 211, fol. 1r):
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht15/IRHT_025025-p.jpg
f) as depicted in the mid- or slightly later twelfth-century mosaics of the Cappella Palatina in Palermo:
http://tinyurl.com/zlvwowd
g) as depicted (at center; at left, pope St. Gregory the Great; at right, pope St. Sylvester) in a mid- or later twelfth-century mosaic in the basilica cattedrale della Trasfigurazione in Cefalù:
http://tinyurl.com/k7fypq8
h) as depicted in an historiated initial "F" in a later twelfth-century homiliary of Italian origin (ca. 1151-1200; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 790, fol. 1r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452657x/f5.item.zoom
i) as depicted in one of four panels of a full-page illumination in the late twelfth-century so-called Bible of Saint Bertin (ca. 1190-1200; Den Haag, KB, ms. 76 F 5, fol. 38v, sc. 1B):
http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_76f5%3A038v_min_b1
j) as portrayed in relief (at left, receiving the submission of the first prior; at right, St. Ursus of Aosta) on an earlier thirteenth-century capital (no. 35; shortly before 1234) in the cloister of the collegiata di San Pietro e Sant'Orso / collégiale des saints Pierre et Ours in Aosta:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/VSAostaCollKreuzg6.jpg
http://www.cassiciaco.it/navigazione/iconografia/pittori/ante_200/aosta/aosta.html
http://www.mondimedievali.net/Edifici/Altreregioni/images/santors08.jpg
k) as depicted (disputing) in a late thirteenth-century copy of French origin of the _Legenda aurea_ (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, ms. HM 3027, fol. 110v):
http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ds/huntington/images//000937A.jpg
l) as depicted (at right; at left, pope St. Gregory the Great) in the late thirteenth-century Livre d'images de Madame Marie (ca. 1285-1290; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 83r):
http://tinyurl.com/4xosa2v
m) as depicted (teaching astronomy) in a seemingly late thirteenth-century copy of Thomas of Cantimpré's _Liber de natura rerum_ (?1290; Valenciennes, Bibliothèque de Valenciennes, ms. 320, fol. 192r):
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht5/IRHT_090904-p.jpg
n) as depicted (lower register at right; at left, St. Geminianus of Modena; at center, St. Michael the Archangel) by Simone Martini in a set of earlier fourteenth-century panels in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge (ca. 1319 or 1320s; from a dismembered altarpiece once in the chiesa di Sant'Agostino in San Gimignano):
https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Fotos/Geminianus-ua.jpg
Detail view (Augustine):
http://tinyurl.com/zlwef6y
o) as depicted (teaching) in an earlier fourteenth-century copy of the _Legenda Aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1326-1350; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 185, fol. 247r):
http://tinyurl.com/3eexbst
p) as depicted (at left; at right, St. Catherine of Alexandria) in an earlier fourteenth-century glass window (ca. 1340) in the entrance hall -- an enclosed porch -- of the Basilika Mariä Himmelfahrt in Gurk:
http://www.burgenseite.com/glas/gurk_glas_3.jpg
q) as depicted (enthroned) by a follower or followers of Meo da Siena in the mid-fourteenth-century frescoes (after 1340) of the Doctors of the Church in the upper church of the monastero di San Benedetto (or del Sacro Speco) at Subiaco:
http://tinyurl.com/jrddzb6
r) as depicted (debating with a pagan) in a mid-fourteenth-century copy, from the workshop of Richard and Jeanne de Montbaston, of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (1348; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 241, fol. 222v):
http://tinyurl.com/jghpo24
s) as depicted (at left; at right, St. Ambrose of Milan) in the Litanies section of a later fourteenth-century miscellany of mostly French-language devotional texts (betw. 1351 and 1400; Paris, BnF, Français 400 [Colbert 1432], fol. 34r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105258207/f69.item.r=.zoom
t) as depicted (preaching) in a later fourteenth-century copy of books XVII-XX of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay
(ca. 1370-1380; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 15943, fol. 55r):
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449689s/f117.item.zoom
u) as depicted (holding an image of the Trinity) in a late fourteenth- or early fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Rennes, Bibliothèque de Rennes Métropole, ms. 266, fol. 231v):
http://tinyurl.com/jph7dyp
v) as depicted (inspired by the Trinity) in an historiated initial "A" in a late fourteenth- or early fifteenth-century copy of an universal chronicle (ca. 1385-1406; Vienna, ÖNB, cod. 2766, fol. 310r):
http://tarvos.imareal.oeaw.ac.at/server/images/7008006.JPG
w) as depicted (at left; at right, St. Ambrose of Milan) by Filippo Lippi in a panel painting on a wing of an earlier fifteenth-century triptych (ca. 1437-1440) in the Accademia Albertina di Belle Arti, Turin:
http://www.wga.hu/art/l/lippi/filippo/1430/5madchi2.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/o2nmqco
x) as depicted in grisaille by Jean le Tavernier in the mid-fifteenth-century Hours of Philip of Burgundy (ca. 1451-1460; Den Haag, KB, ms. 76 F 2, fol. 266v):
http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_76f2%3A266v_min
y) as portrayed in relief (at right; at left, pope St. Gregory the Great; at center, St. Jerome) on the later fifteenth-century pulpit (?1460s or early 1470s; an older dating is ca. 1512-1515) in the Dom St. Stefan in Vienna:
http://tinyurl.com/j76pqny
Detail view (Augustine):
http://tinyurl.com/haxe2u2
z) as depicted (his consecration as bishop) by Jaume Huguet in a later fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1462-1486; from his dismembered St. Augustine altarpiece) in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya in Barcelona:
http://www.wga.hu/art/h/huguet/consacra.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/jsqdykx
aa) as depicted by Benozzo Gozzoli in his later fifteenth-century (1464-1465) fresco cycle of St. Augustine in the chiesa di Sant'Agostino in San Gimignano (three pages of views):
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/g/gozzoli/4gimigna/index.html
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/g/gozzoli/4gimigna/1/index.html
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/g/gozzoli/4gimigna/2/index.html
bb) as depicted by Antonello da Messina in a later fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1472-1473) in the Palazzo Abatellis in Palermo:
http://tinyurl.com/4yfv538
cc) as depicted (at left, preaching about devils) by Maître François in the first volume of a later fifteenth-century copy of St. Augustine's _City of God_ in its French-language version by Raoul de Presles (ca. 1475; Den Haag, Museum Meermanno, cod. 10 A 11, fol. 394v):
http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_mmw_10a11%3A394v_min
dd) as depicted by Sandro Botticelli in a late fifteenth-century fresco (1480) in the chiesa di Ognissanti in Florence:
http://www.wga.hu/art/b/botticel/21/5augustu.jpg
ee) as depicted (at left; at right, pope St. Gregory the Great) by Michael Pacher in the central panel of his late fifteenth-century altarpiece of the Church Fathers (1483) in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich:
http://www.wga.hu/art/p/pacher/various/2father2.jpg
ff) as depicted by Carlo Crivelli in a late fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1490) in the Musée du Petit Palais in Avignon:
http://www.wga.hu/art/c/crivelli/carlo/candele1.jpg
gg) as depicted (his consecration as bishop; other scenes) by the Master of St. Augustine in a late fifteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1490; from a dismembered triptych) in the Cloisters Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York:
http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/471903
hh) as depicted (at right; at left, St. Ambrose of Milan) by Giovanni Masone in a late fifteenth-century panel painting (Genoa, 1491) in the Musée Jacquemart-André in Paris:
http://tinyurl.com/y5gftm
ii) as depicted (at upper left) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Beloit College copy of Hartmann Schedel's late fifteenth-century _Weltchronik_ (1493; _Nuremberg Chronicle_) at fol. CXXXVIr:
https://www.beloit.edu/nuremberg/book/6th_age/right_page/40%20(Folio%20CXXXVIr).pdf
A larger image of that woodcut:
http://tinyurl.com/3bk3wxu
jj) as portrayed in relief (holding a model of a city [?Hippo Regius] in a late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century alabaster panel from Burgos (ca. 1500) in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/41621108@N00/9451932501
https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/BK-NM-11966
kk) as portrayed in relief on a probably early sixteenth-century vault boss from the fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century library building (completed in 1516; destroyed, 1945) in the former Augustinian convent in Erfurt and now part of a standing exhibition there:
http://tinyurl.com/hvxultb
http://tinyurl.com/zgrq6we
Best,
John Dillon
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