Dear Carlos,
Many thanks for identifying the exact text.
Matousek's 1963 book was actually a translation rather than the original. As I understand it, the original was published by Springer-Verlag in 1957 as 'Konstruktionlehre des allgemeinen Maschinenbaues'
(http://www.scribd.com/doc/104754766/Engineering-Design-A-Systematic-Approach-by-Robert-Matousek)
Best regards,
Terry
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Dr Terence Love
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Director,
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-----Original Message-----
From: [log in to unmask] [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of C P
Sent: Tuesday, 13 May 2014 1:42 AM
To: PhD-Design - This list is for discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design
Subject: Re: First Use of the Term "Design Thinking"
Hi Heico,
I found that Matousek was talking about "design thinking" as early as 1963. In chapter 2 of his book Engineering design: A Systematic Approach, The author mentioned design thinking as a distinctive way of thinking for (engineer) designers, implying that design thinking is an intellectual activity (p.11) and that preparation in "design thinking" might be needed by a beginner designer in order to avoid turning into a "copyist, a painter of portraits, because he is ignorant of the entire complex of design thinking" (p.9)
He also attempted to identify "the capabilities and qualities needed by the successful designer" (p 10). Even though he did not directly name these characteristics as the characteristics of "design thinking", it would be easy to assume that some of them were essential for design thinking. This is the list:
"1. Capacity to visualize bodies, static forces and stresses, dynamic phenomena,
hydraulic forces and flow conditions, electrical and thermal phenomena.
2. Integrating capacity.
3. Ability to think logically.
4. Ability to concentrate.
5. Inventive talent.
6. Memory.
7. Conscientiousness.
8. Sense of responsibility.
9. Integrity.
10. Perseverance.
11. Strength of will.
12. Aesthetic sense.
13. Temperament.
14. Personality.
15. Ability to speak and write skilfully."
Matousek, I. R. (1963). Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach. Blackie & Son Limited, Glasgow.
I hope this helps,
Cheers,
Carlos
ps: Thinking in another heated topic on this list, I found interesting his view on how much mathematics (and other subjects) designers should know.......This is it:
"1.Mathematics:
Elementary and higher mathematics
Descriptive geometry
Mechanics: Solids (statics, strength of materials, and dynamics)
Liquids (hydrostatics, hydraulics)
Gases (aerostatics, aerodynamics, thermodynamics)
2. Physics:
Electricity
Light
Sound
3. Chemistry:
Inorganic and organic (fundamentals)
4. Technology:
Properties of materials (physical and chemical)
Manufacturing processes (non-cutting, cutting, short-run and
mass production)
5. Theory o/machines:
Machine drawing
Machine components
Prime movers
Mechanism
Power transmission" (p 15)
Carlos Peralta
Senior Lecturer in Design
--------------------------------------
Design Futures, Faculty of Arts,
University of Brighton
________________________________
From: Heico Wesselius <[log in to unmask]>
To: [log in to unmask]
Sent: Monday, 12 May 2014, 4:13
Subject: First Use of the Term "Design Thinking"
Reverting back to an earlier discussion on the PHD-Design List about who, and how the exact term "design thinking" was defined by those who first used it in the form of a compound gerund noun -- not in modified versions, such as "thinking" modified by the word "design". There are far more examples of this in literature.
It appears that Peter Rowe was the first one to use the exact term "design thinking" in his book 1987 book called Design Thinking. In his 1987 book called "Design Thinking", Rowe studied the process of design as well as the activities of architects designing. As many have argued on or off list, before Rowe's 1987 book, several design researchers studied the different ways designers work as well which type of problems are solved in their respective professional activities. It should be pointed out that Rowe is by profession an architect and urban planner. Peter Rowe best sums up his book as: "an attempt to fashion a generalised portrait of design thinking. A principal aim will be to account for the underlying structure and focus of inquiry directly associated with those of 'seeking out' on the part of designers, for the purpose of inventing or creating buildings and urban artifacts." (Rowe, 1987, p.1)
This leads me to think that Rowe's use of the word "design thinking" is in large part aligned with the contemporary understanding and usage of the word.
It is quite possible that Rowe has been influenced by others or other disciplines. The most likely person would be Donald Schön, who described how designers when designing have a "conversation" with the moment.
Schön summarised his philosophy in this quote:
”When ends are fixed and clear, then the decision to act can present itself as an instrumental problem. But when ends are confused and conflicting, there is yet no ‘problem’ to solve." (Schön, 1983, p.41)
Others that can be included here are Herbert Simon and Buckminster Fuller. The academic work by Simon and Fuller has largely centered on the creative process by designers and their professional work. In fact, they never used the exact term "design thinking". The discussion around "design thinking" over the past 15 years has largely focused on the methods by which designers design and also on how "design thinking" can be applied to areas outside the domain of design. The explosion in the world "design thinking" has only produced few thought leaders.
The second widely use of the word "design thinking" is by Richard Buchanan -- a philosopher. He wrote on the issue of wicked problems in design thinking. Buchanan's use of the term "design thinking" is even more aligned with contemporary usage than was the case in Rowe's book.
Yours,
Heico
Heico Wesselius, BBA, MA, PhD Candidate (Economics, The New School for Social Research)| CSIRO Research Fellow | Design Integration Mapping Project | Strategic Design | School of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia | Office: +61 3 9214 6025 | Mobile: + 61 432 628 784 | email [log in to unmask] | Private email [log in to unmask] |
Web: www.swinburne.edu.au/design
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