On 04/10/13 11:40 PM, Simon Biggs wrote:
> TCP/IP wasn't agreed as a universal protocol until 1985/6.
Following the IP RFC in 1982. :-)
> Seems to me there is no clear date when you can say a bunch of
different networks became the internet. It was a process of development
and quite fuzzy. For me it's the development of TCP that seems key as
that really allowed networked data transmission in the form we
understand it today.
Outside of academia, the Internet really wasn't accessible until later
in the 80s, so for society at large there was no Internet. But the first
commercial domain names were registered early in 1985. So I do agree
that Howard is technically incorrect. :-)
I think most people now regard the Web as the Internet, but I think that
will change again as the web dies.
> As for the first art to use the internet (or a network) in its
> production and/or dissemination? That's a good question which I don't
> know the answer to. I know that Bell Labs were doing work with ASCII
> > art in the 1960's which was transmitted over fax and other
> experimental networks (Knowlton, et al). There were also artistic
> experiments in the 70's with slow scan TV. I often cite Hole in
> Space (Kit Galloway andSherry Rabinowitz, 1980) as an early example
> of telematic art (art using realtime telecommunications systems),
> followed by the work of people like Tom Klinkowstein (who I did a
> workshop with in 1983) and Roy Ascott (Plissure du texte, 1983).
> However, HoS and slowscan were analogue, using either ISDN or
> fax-like protocols. Hard to define it as net art (recognising that
> net.art is something else - a specific group of artists working
> primarily in the mid to late 1990s). According to Wikipedia the
> earliest internet based work was by Vera Frenkel, titled 'String
> Games' (1974). If Vera was the first net artist then I can't think of
> a nicer person to have that historical accolade:
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_art
Thank you, that's all really interesting.
For anyone interested in Knowlton's work, Reichardt's "The Computer In
Art" has some interesting information. But I don't have it to hand so I
don't know if it discusses his use of fax or teleprinter/telecopier.
(As an aside, I implemented a version of micro-EXPLOR a few years ago
that runs the demos from the manual:
https://gitorious.org/robmyers/explor/ )
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