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SPORTS MEDICINE :
MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: OBESITY:
What are the Health Risks of Obesity?
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What are the Health Risks of Obesity?
19 April 2013 Last updated at 17:07
BBC Science
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/0/21702372
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What is obesity?
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A person is considered obese if they are very overweight with a high
degree of body fat.
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Some experts believe obesity is responsible for more ill health than
smoking. Being significantly overweight is linked to a wide range of
health problems, including:
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Diabetes
Heart disease
High blood pressure
Arthritis
Indigestion
Gallstones
Some cancers (eg, breast and prostate cancers)
Snoring and sleep apnoea
Stress, anxiety, and depression
Infertility
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The most common way to assess if a person is obese is to check their body
mass index. BMI is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by your
height in metres squared.
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If your BMI is above 25 you are overweight. A BMI of 30-40 is considered
obese, while above 40 is very obese. A BMI of less than 18.5 is
underweight.
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Another useful method is to take a waist measurement because fat in the
centre of the body (apple-shaped obesity) is much more strongly linked to
health risks than fat more widely distributed on the arms and legs. Women
with a waist of 80cm or greater and men with a waist of 94cm or greater
are more likely to develop obesity-related health problems.
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A new way of calculating BMI has recently been proposed as the standard
assessment is less accurate for extremes of height - the short and the
tall. The new calculator hopes to correct this.
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Why do people become obese?
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snip
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One recent study revealed that an area of the brain related to addiction
and reward - the nucleus accumbens - lights up when a participant is shown
calorie rich, fatty foods compared to healthy food.
Brief Communications
Individual Differences in Nucleus Accumbens Activity to
Food and Sexual Images Predict Weight Gain and Sexual
Behavior
Kathryn E. Demos,
1,2
Todd F. Heatherton,
1
and William M. Kelley
1
1
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive
Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, and
2
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes
Research Center, The Miriam Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown
University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~bil/pubs/demos_2012_JNeuro.pdf
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Another area of the brain associated with pleasant tastes and reward,
called the orbitofrontal cortex, is activated when we eat fatty foods.
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
Presented at the Symposium The Taste for Fat: New Discoveries on the Role
of Fat in Sensory Perception, Metabolism, Sensory Pleasure and Beyond held
at the Institute of Food Technologists 2011 Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
La., U.S.A., June 12, 2011
Edmund T. Rolls
http://www.oxcns.org/papers/514%20Rolls%202012%20Mechanisms%
20for%20Sensing%20Fat%20in%20Food%20in%20the%20Mouth.pdf
OR
http://tinyurl.com/msvx2uv
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At the same time, people are increasingly living more sedentary lifestyles
and therefore burning fewer calories.
8 January 2013 Last updated at 20:27 ET
Stand up at office to lose weight, says exercise scientist
By Sean Coughlan
BBC News education correspondent
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-20947605
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The complete articles may be read at the URL provided for each.
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