For a discussion and quantitative analysis of 'general extenders' in
Australian English see the early work of Elizabeth Dines article aptly
entitled "Variation in discourse and stuff like that" published in 1980 in
Language in Society (9:13-33. Sylvie Dubois' dissertation at Laval (1993)
was on the subject of extenders in Quebec French and she published an
article in Language Variation and Change in 1992 entitled "Extension
particles, etc." wherein she refers to 'phrase-terminal extension particles,
e.g. tout ca (all that)" which '(occupy) a characteristic position in the
sentence and (have) a typical intonational pattern". I have worked on
extension particles in Australian English and have a long list -
approximately 90 different variants which can be subcategorized. They are
extremely frequent in my Sydney data and there is certainly social
patterning. We need to make sure that we are all referring to the same
linguistic phenomenon.
Barbara Horvath
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