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SPORTS MEDICINE :
MEDICAL: INJURIES ACCIDENTS AND FIRST AID:
Facial Fractures
Facial Fractures
eMedicine Specialties > Sports Medicine > Face and Head
Author: Timothy J Rupp, MD, FACEP, Associate Medical Director, Physicians
Emergency Care Associates, Methodist Health System, Dallas, Texas; Staff
Physician, Innovative Emergency Medicine, Frisco, Texas; Staff Physician,
Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Medical Center of Dallas,
Dallas, Texas
Coauthor(s): Steven Karageanes, DO, Director, Primary Care Sports Medicine
Fellowship, Director, Sports Medicine Education, Center for Orthopedics
and Neuroscience; Department of Medical Education, Oakwood Healthcare
System
Updated: Mar 14, 2008
<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/84613-overview>
Introduction
Background
Facial fractures occur for a variety of reasons related to sports
participation: contact between players (eg, a head, fist, elbow); contact
with equipment (eg, balls, pucks, handlebars); or contact with the
environment, obstacles, or a playing surface (eg, wrestling mat, gymnastic
equipment, goalposts, trees). Although most sports-related facial injuries
are minor, the potential for serious damage exists. A physician examining
these injuries must rapidly assess the patient in a consistent and
methodical manner, allowing for prompt diagnosis and appropriate
treatment, while considering the physical demands of the sport, as well as
the athlete's return to play.
Facial fractures may be associated with head and cervical spine
injuries.1,2 A review by Boden et al of catastrophic injuries associated
with high school and college baseball demonstrated 1.95 direct
catastrophic injuries annually, including severe head injuries, cervical
injuries, and associated facial fractures.2
Fractures of the facial bones require a significant amount of force. The
physician must take into account the mechanism of the injury as well as
the physical examination findings when assessing the patient.
Forces that are required to produce a fracture of the facial bones are as
follows:
Nasal fracture 30 g
Zygoma fractures 50 g
Mandibular (angle) fractures 70 g
Frontal region fractures 80 g
Maxillary (midline) fractures 100 g
Mandibular (midline) fractures 100 g
Supraorbital rim fractures 200 g
<snip>
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Frequency: United States
Functional Anatomy
Sport-Specific Biomechanics
Clinical:
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Physical
More on Facial Fractures
The complete article may be read at the URL above.
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
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