medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
That is, received equivalent canonization from the bishop of Rome. There's a helpful discussion here of differences between formal and equivalent canonization:
http://www.friarsminor.org/xvii3-17.html
Best,
John Dillon
On Sunday, January 18, 2009, at 12:54 pm, John Wickstrom wrote:
> John , could you elaborate on the meaning of the adverb in the
> following entry on the Feast of Margaret of Hungary...
>
>
>
> >>M. was canonized equivalently in 1943
> Subject: [M-R] saints of the day 18. January
>
>
>
> medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
>
>
>
> Today (18. January) is the feast day of:
>
>
>
> 1) Prisca (?). P. is the saint of the _titulus Priscae_ on the
> Aventine. That church is attested from the fifth century; the
> Gregorian Sacramentary in its Paduan version (early eighth-century)
> records a dedication feast for it on this day. In the course of the
> sixth century P., like the eponyms of other of Rome's _tituli_, came
> to be referred to as a saint. Her feast today is recorded in the
> originally seventh-century Roman _capitularia evangeliorum_ and in
> various texts of the Gregorian Sacramentary. The seventh-century
> pilgrim itineraries for Rome all consider P. a martyr, locating her
> tomb in the cemetery of Priscilla. In Ado and in Usuard P. is a
> virgin martyr.
>
>
>
> P. has an undated legendary Passio (BHL 6296; no witness earlier than
> the twelfth century) that makes her a girl of eleven years, martyred
> under an emperor Claudius, buried on the Via Ostiensis, and later
> translated to the church of the holy martyrs Aquila and Prisca (as the
> _titulus [s.] Priscae_ was known in at least the eighth century). The
> latter dedication makes it clear that P. was also thought of as the
> Prisca of Aquila and Prisca, St. Peter's hosts in Rome. The crypt of
> today's titular and stational church of Santa Prisca, the successor,
> after many restorations and rebuildings, of the original _titulus
> Priscae_, is said to have a thirteenth-century mosaic of St. Peter.
> It also has this baptismal font created (also, it is said, in the
> thirteenth century) out of an ornate second-century column capital and
> supposedly used by Peter to baptize P.:
>
> http://web.tiscali.it/SantaPrisca/Battistero.jpg
>
>
>
> Here's P. in an illuminated initial in a Roman Missal of ca. 1370 from
> Bologna (Avignon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 136, fol. 22r):
>
> http://tinyurl.com/2s48y8
>
>
>
>
>
> 2) Successus, Paulus, and Lucius (d. 259). We know about these
> martyrs of Africa Proconsularis from the Passio of Sts. Montanus and
> Lucius (BHL 6009; abridgment, BHL 6010), whose narration by a
> contemporary calls S. a bishop and has him suffer with P. and with
> unnamed others in what is evidently the persecution of Valerian (the
> narrator has a vision of the martyred St. Cyprian, his bishop). L. is
> the Lucius of that Passio, who earlier therein is named with Montanus
> and various others, none of whom is either S. or P. and all of whom
> are victims of the same persecution at the same place (presumably
> Carthage). L., Montanus, and the others named with them used to be
> commemorated in the RM on 24. February; the present commemoration
> conflates the two groups and drops the companions in each group. The
> RM also makes all three bishops and has them suffer in the _Decian_ persecution.
>
>
>
> The _Passio Sanctorum Montani et Lucii_ was edited by François Dolbeau
> in _Revue des Études Augustiniennes_ 29 (1983), 39-82 (reprinted in
> vol. 1 of Dolbeau's _Sanctorum societas. Récits latins de sainteté
> (iiie-xiie siècles)_ [Bruxelles: Société des Bollandistes, 2005;
> Subsidia Hagiographica, 85]). There's a good description of it in
> Maureen Tilley, _The Bible in Christian North Africa_ (Minneapolis:
> Fortress Press, 1997), pp. 46-47, online here:
>
> http://tinyurl.com/7bnayk
>
>
>
>
>
> 3) Volusianus (d. ca. 496). We know about the Gallo-Roman V. chiefly
> from St. Gregory of Tours' _Historia Francorum_ and from letters to
> him preserved in the correspondences of St. Sidonius Apollinaris and
> of Ruricius of Limoges. A wealthy scion of a senatorial family in
> Visigothic Gaul, he was the seventh bishop of Tours and was related to
> his predecessors St. Eustochius and St. Perpetuus. V. erected a
> basilica near Tours' principal monastery and was invited by Sidonius
> to reform, according to the statues of Lérins, a monastery on land he
> owned in S.'s diocese. After Clovis' adoption of Catholic Christianity
> in Frankish Gaul V. was suspected by his Arian secular rulers of
> pro-Frankish sympathies and was exiled, depending on which chapter in
> Gregory of Tours one prefers, either to Spain or to Toulouse and died
> a virtual prisoner not long afterwards.
>
>
>
> In the early twelfth century a count of Foix translated relics said to
> be V.'s along with those of other saints to a monastery church at Foix
> then dedicated to a St. Nazarius (probably the N. of Spain, though
> later local tradition opted for the N. of Milan) and quickly replaced
> on the same site by a successor dedicated to V. The monastery, which
> became very wealthy, later claimed to have been been founded by
> Charlemagne. A local hagiography was developed according to whose
> late medieval texts (BHL 8731-8731f) V. had been martyred by his Arian
> captors outside the gates of Foix. Credited with miracles, V. became
> Foix's patron saint and still is so today.
>
>
>
> The early twelfth-century abbatiale Saint-Volusien in Foix was greatly
> expanded in the fourteenth century, receiving both "gothic" vaulting
> sustained by external buttresses and a "gothic" choir with radiating
> chapels. That church was largely destroyed in 1582 but was rebuilt
> over the course of the seventeenth century on the same plan, using
> stones from the previous fabric and retaining elements that had
> survived the destruction. It was restored in 2003 and 2004. Herewith
> a view from above (taken from the castle of Foix) showing the
> twelfth-century south portal and south transept:
>
> http://tinyurl.com/7hg58j
>
> Views of the south portal:
>
> http://www.histariege.com/Foix02-eglise%20001.jpg
>
> http://www.photos-voyage.com/foix-5.htm
>
> http://tinyurl.com/75cdkf
>
> http://flickr.com/photos/weevangelwe/1257958851/sizes/l/
>
> Two views of the interior:
>
> http://www.panoramio.com/photo/6238853
>
> http://travel.webshots.com/photo/1454043532065251958pMXHFr
>
> The first of these two twelfth-century capital reliefs (said here to
> be two capitals but to judge from other accounts really two sides of
> the same capital) from the adjacent cloister (also destroyed in 1582),
> now displayed in the Musée départemental de l'Ariège, depicts V. being
> led off in captivity (the scene with the city gate has been thought to
> represent an imaginary Frankish capture of Toulouse preceding V.'s martyrdom):
>
> http://travel.webshots.com/photo/1454051372065251958mQotls
>
> http://travel.webshots.com/photo/1454052250065251958lujFTX
>
> A French-language announcement, from 2003 and interesting in some of
> its details, of the then imminent restoration:
>
> http://tinyurl.com/7el7wn
>
>
>
>
>
> 4) Margaret of Hungary (d. 1270). In 1241, when the kingdom of
> Hungary was largely overrun by Tatars, king Bela IV and his queen
> Maria Laskarina (daughter of Theodore I, Nicaean emperor of the
> Romans) who had withdrawn to a fortified city in Dalmatia, promised
> their next child to God should the kingdom be spared further
> devastation. The Tatars withdrew and in the following year M. was
> born. Her parents kept their vow and at the age of three or four M.
> entered the Dominican convent at Veszprém. At the age of twelve she
> entered a new convent, also Dominican, that her father had had built
> for her on an island in the Danube near Buda. There she made her
> profession before Bl. Humbert of Romans, Master General of her order.
>
>
>
> As a Dominican religious M. practiced a life of extreme asceticism and
> stalwart service to the poor. A cult, accompanied by miracles at her
> tomb in the island convent, arose soon after her relatively early
> death. In the following year (1271) M.'s brother, king Stephen V,
> requested a canonization inquiry; this was soon carried out and its
> acts were sent to Rome. M. sanctity is documented by a Vita et
> Miracula intended for her canonization (BHL 5330d; M.'s _Legenda
> vetus_) and by the acts of her canonization trial of 1276 (BHL 5330).
> In response to the papal letter commissioning her canonization
> inquiry, these documents also testify to the efficacy of M.'s work in
> countering heresy among those with whom she was in contact.
>
>
>
> In the 1340s M. received a Vita (BHL 5331; M.'s _Legenda maior_) by
> the Dominican Garin de Gy-l'Évêque, a future Master General. This
> incorporated material from the canonization trial but responded to
> more current models of sanctity by making M. a mystic and by
> attributing to her an instance of levitation.
>
>
>
> Though none of these efforts led directly to M.'s canonization, her
> cult continued in Hungary, where in 1409 the Dominican Bl. Giovanni
> Dominici (he of _Lucula noctis_ fame) as cardinal legate granted an
> indulgence to pilgrims visiting her tomb and where Dominicans
> celebrated her with an Office of her own. M. (wearing a crown)
> appears at lower left in the gallery of Dominican saints in this
> mid-fourteenth-century panel painting now in Florence's Santa Maria
> Novella and thought to have been commissioned for Hungarian Dominicans
> resident in that city:
>
> http://www.smn.it/images/effigi.jpg
>
> M. also appears as a saint in this painting by Juan de Borgoña (ca.
> 1470-1536) of Mary Magdalen and three Dominican saints (ca. 1515), now
> in the Prado:
>
> http://tinyurl.com/2sh93o
>
> A slightly larger version that image is accessible here:
>
> http://pintura.aut.org/BU04?Autnum=11.607
>
>
>
> M. was canonized equivalently in 1943. She was a niece of St.
> Elizabeth of Hungary (E. of Thüringen; 17. November), canonized in
> 1235. One of M.'s sisters was St. Cunegunda/Kinga of Poland (24.
> July), canonized in 1999.
>
>
>
> Best,
>
> John Dillon
>
> (Prisca and Margaret of Hungary lightly revised from last year's post)
>
>
>
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