medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Today (26. December) is the feast day of:
Stephen, protomartyr (d. ca. 34-40). We know about Stephen from Acts (6:1 through 8:3; 11:19). A critic of the Temple, he was stoned to death, as seen
a) on an earlier twelfth-century capital at Autun's cathédrale St-Lazare:
http://tinyurl.com/ybesxe
b) in this earlier twelfth-century illumination in an homiliary now at Cambrai (Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 528, fol. 120v):
http://tinyurl.com/9j9sfg
c) in this manuscript illumination from ca. 1250-1260 in a gradual for the use of the abbey of Notre-Dame at Fontevrault (Limoges, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 2, fol. 28v):
http://tinyurl.com/8wrg2b
d) in this manuscript illumination from 1266 in an Epistles for the Use of Cambrai (Cambrai, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 190, fol. 10v):
http://tinyurl.com/75scok
e) in this panel of a full-page later thirteenth-century manuscript illumination in a psalter for the Use of Reims (Carpentras, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 0077 (\1), fol. 172v):
http://tinyurl.com/7o9fx9
f) in this fresco from 1324 by Bernardo Daddi in Florence's basilica di Santa Croce:
http://www.wga.hu/art/d/daddi/stephen.jpg
g) in this fresco from ca. 1448 by Beato Angelico in the Vatican's Cappella Niccolina:
http://tinyurl.com/7kdwwo
and as intimated in
h) a column sculpture in Vienna's late medieval cathedral (dedicated to S.; more on this church below):
http://www.stephansdom.at/data/derdom/images/b1.jpg
i) in this vault painting (ca. 1450) in Överselö kyrka, Selaön (Södermanland; near Strängnäs):
http://tinyurl.com/2g9y2v
j) in this portrait in Carlo Crivelli's Demidoff Altarpiece (1476), now in the National Gallery, London:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:St-stephen.jpg
Note the dalmatic: S. is traditionally thought of as a deacon.
In 415 S.'s purported remains were discovered in Jerusalem, an event commemorated in the feast of the Finding of the Relics of St. Stephen (3. August; removed from the general Roman Calendar in the revision of 1969). On 26. December of the same year most of these relics were translated to Jerusalem's church of Holy Sion. As is frequently the way of important relics, they have since multiplied. Rome's circular church of Santo Stefano al (Monte) Celio, also known as Santo Stefano Rotondo, was erected in the latter half of the fifth century to hold (some of) them. Originally designed in the form of a Greek cross enclosing within its arms three concentric circles, each higher than the next, in its outline and dimensions it recalls Jerusalem's church of the Holy Sepulchre. Considerably modified over time, it is now dedicated to St. Stephen of Hungary.
A few illustrated, English-language accounts of this church are here:
http://tinyurl.com/kem9t
http://tinyurl.com/7725du
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Stefano_Rotondo
http://www.essential-architecture.com/ROME/RO-021.htm
and an illustrated, Italian-language one is here:
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Stefano_Rotondo
Some exterior views:
http://ujember.katolikus.hu/Archivum/2001.11.04/1605.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/r4ym8
http://tinyurl.com/jvnxl
Some interior views (fairly recent but preceding the restoration of 2006/07) :
http://www.faculty.sbc.edu/wassell/ArchMath/Unit5/stefano_my.htm
http://tinyurl.com/p9so8
http://tinyurl.com/eneud
A view of the rotunda from September 2006 (with the restoration underway):
http://tinyurl.com/t9zft
A view from early 2007 (with the restoration completed):
http://tinyurl.com/2bptdd
Marjorie Greene's Shutterfly views of this church are here:
http://medrelart.shutterfly.com/34
Of course, this is not the only church in Rome to have been called Santo Stefano Rotondo. See:
http://flickr.com/photos/re_teacher/26487910/
OTHER DEDICATIONS TO S.:
Some views of the church of Hagios Stephanos (ca. 900) at Kastoria in the homonymous northwestern Greek prefecture and of its frescoes:
http://tinyurl.com/35wjx2
http://tinyurl.com/3xf7x4
http://odysseus.culture.gr/java/image?foto_id=2436&size=l1
Two views of the eleventh-century apses on the east end of the much rebuilt church of Sv. Stefan at Nes(s)ebar in Bulgaria:
http://www.traveljournals.net/pictures/146111.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/9285757@N06/1233103388/sizes/l/
An illustrated page on the eleventh-century église St-Etienne at Vignory (Haute-Marne):
http://tinyurl.com/23eooq
An English-language page on the mostly later eleventh-century église St-Etienne at Caen:
http://tinyurl.com/2jrgys
Several sets of views:
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/caen/hommes.html
http://www.pitt.edu/~medart/menufrance/caeetie.html
http://tinyurl.com/3c7epx
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne_(Caen)
The twelfth- or early thirteenth-century iglesia de San Esteban at Cuéllar (Segovia):
Illustrated, Spanish-language page here (only one view):
http://tinyurl.com/2zq7qe
Several views on this page, interspersed with views of other churches in the same Mudejar style):
http://tinyurl.com/2fl9ht
More views (expandable) at bottom here:
http://tinyurl.com/2387ds
The twelfth-/fourteenth-century chiesa di Santo Stefano in Verona (incorporating remannts of its late antique predecessor of the same dedication):
Brief, English-language account:
http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/p/m/15cbca/
Italian-language account with expandable views):
http://tinyurl.com/7deoas
Other views:
http://tinyurl.com/76xf4x
http://flickr.com/photos/patandmaryjo/2917223556/sizes/l/
http://tinyurl.com/9wdjym
The twelfth-/sixteenth-century cathédrale St-Etienne at Sens:
Illustrated, English-language site (separate pages for plans, exterior, interior):
http://www.pitt.edu/%7Emedart/menufrance/sensmain.html
A set of expandable views begins about halfway down the page here:
http://nau-dee.blogspot.com/
west facade:
http://tinyurl.com/2budu7
The thirteenth-century iglesia de San Esteban in Segovia:
Illustrated, Spanish-language page:
http://www.1romanico.com/004/monumentoa.asp?monu=000739
Other views:
http://tinyurl.com/3a4tc3
http://tinyurl.com/ywaol5
http://tinyurl.com/2e847q
The thirteenth-/early seventeenth-century cathédrale St-Etienne at Toulouse:
Illustrated, French-language site (separate pages for history, exterior, interior):
http://saint.etienne.tlse.free.fr/historique.html
Illustrated, French-language page:
http://tinyurl.com/37h5ys
Illustrated, English-language page:
http://tinyurl.com/37vogc
The thirteenth-/sixteenth-century cathédrale St-Etienne at Auxerre, built over an eleventh-century crypt:
Illustrated, English-language page:
http://www.wfu.edu/~titus/auxcath.htm
Illustrated, French-language page:
http://tinyurl.com/yudzxv
The thirteenth-/sixteenth-century cathédrale St-Etienne at Metz:
Illustrated, English-language pages:
http://www.pitt.edu/~medart/menufrance/metzmain.html
http://tinyurl.com/2ds873
Multi-page website in French, German, and English:
http://europa.perso.cegetel.net/metz/
French-language page:
http://tinyurl.com/2y4qry
The fourteenth-/fifteenth-century Sankt Stephanskirche in Tangermünde (Lkr. Stendal) in Sachsen-Anhalt, replacing a twelfth-century predecessor:
http://tinyurl.com/7ec5j7
http://tinyurl.com/7djl22
http://www.flickr.com/photos/55286231@N00/2943849693/sizes/o/
http://images.suite101.com/262653_st.stephan174.jpg
http://tinyurl.com/7dcbba
http://tinyurl.com/9hrfry
http://tinyurl.com/a2vks5
Venice's fourteenth-/fifteenth-century chiesa di Santo Stefano, replacing a thirteenth-century predecessor of the same dedication:
http://tinyurl.com/y4rxt7
http://tinyurl.com/9lfyc6
http://rosswarner.com/pict5923.html
http://rosswarner.com/pict5996.html
http://tinyurl.com/75ep94
Vienna's fourteenth-/sixteenth-century cathedral of Sankt Stephan, herewith two illustrated, English-language accounts of this structure, badly damaged in World War II and since largely rebuilt:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephansdom
http://www.silhouette-vienna.com/stephens-cathedral.htm
and a multi-page, German-language one (also illustrated):
http://www.stephansdom.at/data/derdom/einfuehrung/index.php
Other views:
http://www.phototravels.net/vienna/vienna-stephansdom-photos.html
http://www.pbase.com/bauer/st_stephan_cathedrale
http://tinyurl.com/y6fbjg
http://www.sph.umich.edu/~rwatt/photo/ststeph2.jpg
Happy Feast of Stephen to all,
John Dillon
(last year's post lightly revised and somewhat expanded)
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