Dear All,
Thought some of you might like to contribute to the following
publication.
I wrote the geography teaching entry for the last encyclopedia 'Youth,
education, and sexualities' (Sears, 2005). Would be good to see academic
geographers contributing to the current project.
Judy.
Judy Hemingway
Post-Doctoral Research Fellow
Doctoral School & School of Mathematics, Science and Technology
Institute of Education
University of London
20 Bedford Way
London WC1H 0AL
e-mail: [log in to unmask]
telephone: +44 (0)20 7612 6515
fax: +44 (0)20 7612 6792
url: www.ioe.ac.uk/mst
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Over 100 years of excellence in education
Contributor Guidelines for
Encyclopedia of Sex, Love and Culture:Vol. 6, Twentieth & Twenty-First
Centuries
Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group
James T. Sears, PhD, Editor
Conceptual Overview
The Encyclopedia of Sex, Love and Culture is a six volume set that begins
with the Ancient World and concludes with the early Twenty-First Century.
Each volume presents entries on the many aspects of sexuality and the
roles that love has played in world cultures throughout history, with
particular emphasis on curriculum-related issues (including history,
gender, psychology, sociology, literature, and the arts).
Entry Parameters
All entries must include material from different cultures and regions of
the world. That is, no entry material will be drawn exclusively from one
geographical region or culture. Even entries that may have their basis in
one culture (e.g., Virgin Mary) may, in fact, “bleed over” into other
cultures (e.g., Caribbean religious sects such as “voodoo”). This cultural
diffusion (and, in some case, cultural hegemony) is, in fact, one
important phenomena of the 20th and 21st Centuries. Biographical entries
should not be monocultural. Alfred Kinsey’s work, for instance, was
decidedly centered in the mid-century U.S., however, the impact of his two
volumes was worldwide. Thus, I would expect a contributor to note this and
to provide a couple of specific examples of such impact/coverage such as
the extensive media coverage in Japan, certainly a culture known for its
sexual conservatism and respect for personal privacy.
Entry contributors will also consider issues of gender, race, social
class, ethnicity, and sexualities (hetero, homo, bi, trans, intersex), as
appropriate. In most cases, inclusion of one or more of these issues will
be relevant to your entry. Entries that on the surface might appear to
focus exclusively on one sexuality often impact or are influenced by other
sexualities (e.g., pregnancy or single mothers are not restricted to
heterosexual-identified women).
Each entry, as appropriate, will include some coverage of the entire
period (1900-2005). Clearly, some entries such as “prostitution” are
ubiquitous while other entries like the “Internet” are more time-specific.
Finally, entries will be written for a general audience with a reading
level appropriate for upper level high school students. It is understood
that this encyclopedia will be used principally as a research resource at
the college and secondary school levels.
Please remember the following, your entry must:
• be cross-cultural;
• where possible, be inclusive (e.g., gender, racial, ethnicity,
sexual orientation/identity, social class) and cover multiple points in
time
Additionally, your entry must:
• adhere to the assigned length;
• be written with general readers in mind (write for upper level
high school students);
• stay on topic and be written with accuracy; and
• be submitted on time.
Submission, Review and Revision Process
You will be given substantive feedback at each major point in the process:
synoptic paragraph overview; draft entry; finalized entry. This iterative
process is designed to enhance your efficiency and quality of your work as
well as to insure that your finalized entry fits within the parameters of
the encyclopedia while complementing other entries. Your finalized entry
will then be line-edited by the editor and returned to you for
review/approval. It will then be reviewed by the publisher. The decision
to publish your contribution is at the sole and final discretion of the
editor and the publisher.
Specifically, your timeline will be as follows:
 Synoptic Paragraph: (Due after accepting entry assignment and on a
date mutually agreed to between contributor and editor)
 Draft Entry: (Due 90 days after receiving feedback on Synoptic
Paragraph). Here the primary concern is content and writing. You will
receive feedback and suggestions regarding these.
 Finalized Entry: (Due 60 days after receiving feedback on Draft
Entry).
 Return of Line Edited Entry: (Due 30 days after receiving editor’s
line edits). At this point, major content issues have been resolved and
the focus in the editorial review is on objectivity, style, format and
writing mechanics. Your entry is line-edited and any additional queries
regarding content will be made.
Entries
For the Encyclopedia of Sex, Love and Culture: Twentieth & Twenty-First
Centuries your entry/entries will be between 1,500-2,500 words, inclusive
of the bibliography, any in-text references (which should be at a
minimum), and a couple of annotated websites. The specific length of your
entry will be assigned to you by the editor.
What Makes a Good Reference Entry
A recent issue of American Libraries, the magazine of the American Library
Association, listed the following among its 13 characteristics that make a
good reference entry:
• Readable, engaging text.
• Rich scholarship.
• Clearly stated selection criteria and purpose.
• Authoritative, well-documented information.
• Broad audience appeal.
• Currency.
Entry Structure
Every entry must have a “pyramid” structure. The first sentence is a quick
definition or identification, with an explanation of the topic’s
importance to the subject of the encyclopedia. Biographical entries should
always give the subject’s birth and death dates in parentheses after the
entry heading, then begin with a statement identifying the subject’s
significance. Most non-biographical entries will consist of a definition,
explanation, development and details, and examples.
The rest of the initial paragraph is a mini-essay that provides basic
information: many readers will stop here. Succeeding paragraphs should
have a logical progression, chronological or otherwise. Do not end the
entry with a summary paragraph.
All entries will conclude with a brief bibliography. (See below for
instructions on how to format your bibliography.) Entry bibliographies are
a vital part of any reference book. There should be four to eight
bibliographic items. Limit your sources to the most recent or the most
important books in English, whenever possible. Cite journal articles or
works in foreign languages only when no English-language books are
available. Also provide several key Web sites that are relatively
permanent and that add important information unavailable elsewhere.
Finally, for any specialized terminology used in your entry, provide a
brief definition.
Along with the URL provide a brief (1 and no more than 2 brief sentences)
annotation that describes the site and its relevance to your topic.
Wherever possible, non-print URL sources will be included such as art,
music, film. Also, suggest a few key indexing terms that reflect some of
the content of your entry and that would assist readers in locating your
entry through the encyclopedia’s index.
Tone and Writing Style
Narrative reference chapters should offer informative, engaging, and
readable surveys or overviews of the assigned topic. When writing, keep
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interested students (high school and college) and other nonspecialist
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believe that…), or plural (“We believe that…). You should generally not
use the second person either (illustrated by this sentence), unless you
are giving instructions (rare for a reference work). You do not need to
tell readers what you are going to tell them or what you have told them:
First, we will examine the ethnic composition of the Southwest U.S….
As we have seen, the ethnic composition of the Southwest U.S. is more
varied than most realize.
While you should not talk down to your audience, attempt to “dumb down”
your writing, or use an overly light or chatty tone, neither should you
assume that your audience has a specialist’s level of knowledge on the
subject. Define terms, identify people, and explain importance wherever
necessary. Make sure definitions are clear, direct, and positive; do not
define a term by explaining what it is not.
Avoid jargon, meaningless generalities, esoteric allusions, sexist
language, unnecessary repetition, and long digressions into issues that
are tangential to the main topic. Single-sentence paragraphs should also
be avoided, because such paragraphs rarely develop a complete thought.
Make sure every word advances the discussion of your topic. You will be
expected to adhere closely to the word count specified in your contract,
and so you shouldn’t waste space on needless details or repetition.
Avoid the use of unnecessary rhetorical questions. Also refrain from
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been thrilled to play baseball with his boyhood idol.” Provide a citation
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Be straightforward, informative, and objective. Chapters should not
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your discussion with a clear understanding of the nature of the whole
debate and not be persuaded to adopt one view or another.
Quotations
Quotations, especially long ones, should be kept to a minimum. They should
be used only where they clearly or strikingly illustrate the points being
made in the surrounding discussion. Edit down long quotations or
paraphrase whenever possible. In the following example, inclusion of the
entire congressional resolution in the original version, while
interesting, is unnecessary and takes up space better used in advancing
the main discussion. The edited version saves much space but still
provides the same basic information.
Original Version
The United States Congress recognized Aaron’s accomplishment with
testimonials delivered by no less than 12 members of the House of
Representatives and Senate. The Senate unanimously passed resolution 305
stating:
Resolved, Whereas, in Atlanta Stadium on the night of April 8, 1974, Henry
Aaron hit his 715th home run; and
Whereas, this historic feat was recorded in a game between the Atlanta
Braves and the Los Angeles Dodgers, which the Braves won 7-4; and
Whereas, Henry Aaron surpassed the home run mark set by the immortal Babe
Ruth in 1935; and
Whereas, Henry Aaron is an athlete of exemplary caliber and is an
inspiration to all Americans;
Therefore, be it resolved that the United States Senate hereby extends its
congratulations to Henry Aaron in recognition of this singular
accomplishment.
Edited Version
The United States Congress recognized Aaron’s accomplishment with
testimonials and the unanimous passage of resolution 305 congratulating
him on surpassing Ruth’s record.
Where long quotations are required, they should be indented. Please use
the margin setting feature on your software, rather than tabbing over.
(Never use the space bar to indent.) Block quotations (also called
extracts) do not require quotation marks and should be kept in roman type,
not italics. All direct quotations should be referenced, including a page
number, with either a numbered endnote (not a footnote) or an author-date
reference, as shown below. Be sure the context and speaker are clearly
provided for all in-text citations.
Aaron said simply, “Thank God it’s all over with.”1
Aaron said simply, “Thank God it’s all over with” (Carson, p. 291).
Use of Copyright Material
Greenwood expects the text you write or commission to be original material
written for the encyclopedia (contributors’ releases specify that
contributions are original). In encyclopedia entries, for most subjects,
it shouldn’t be necessary to use quotations in entries, but for some
disciplines, especially music and literature entries, the subject may
demand a few quotes for illustrative purposes.
If quotations of more than a few sentences must be used, contributors may
need to secure a written permission for us to use any copyrighted material
that exceeds fair use. Specifically, if you or your contributors
incorporate prose extracts of more than 300 words from one source (even if
spread throughout the work), or any song lyrics, or more than one line of
poetry, we will probably need to have permission from the copyright
holder, which will usually require permission and fees—a cost that you, as
the author, would have to bear. Providing us with written permissions is
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For a definition of copyright and public domain, consult a book on
publishing such as Kirsch’s Handbook of Publishing Law (1994) or The
Chicago Manual of Style (15th ed.), chapter 4, “Rights and Permissions,”
which has an excellent overview of the subject.
Obviously, authors or contributors should never present another author’s
work as their own. When material is quoted, it should be so indicated and
the source should be fully cited, including page numbers.
Preparing Your Entry
Please prepare your files in recent versions of MS Word for PC. If you
must prepare your manuscript using any other software, please contact J.
Sears. If you are submitting more than one entry, each entry should be in
a separate electronic file. Use simple, clear naming conventions, using
the first six letters of the entry head.
Do’s and Don’ts of Word Processing
• Use the tab key for paragraph indents. Never use the space bar to
position text and never use sub-headers within your entry.
• Don’t hyphenate words at the ends of lines.
• Used double (“) not single (‘) quotation marks.
• Double space the entire entry but do not skip extra lines between
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• Don’t right-justify the text.
• Don’t use a hard return anywhere within a paragraph; use hard
returns only at the ends of paragraphs, items in a list or titles.
• Do not use any levels of headings.
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a word in boldface should also be in bold.
• Use the numbering feature in your word-processing program to
insert page numbers.
• If your entry contains special characters or symbols, please
consult with J. Sears, who will consult with the publisher about the best
way to handle these.
• Tables and graphics should not appear in the text files; each
should be in a separate file.
• For page numbering, use the numbering feature in your word-
processing program; don’t manually insert page numbers in your files.
Always keep back-up disks and hard copies of your files!
Contributor Name and Biography
Place your name only, as you wish it to appear, on a separate line at the
very end of your entry. Do not include affiliation. In a separate file,
please provide your name, affiliation, brief description of your research
interests and/or publications, and any awards or honors. Do not include
personal information such as family, hobbies.
Example:
Jane Doe is Assistant Professor of Children’s Literature at Indiana
University, Bloomington. She has written extensively on the use of humor
in children’s literature and is the author of Laughing with Children
(2000). In 2001, she won the Jane Darlington award for distinguished
writing in children’s literature.
Style Guidelines
Because the encyclopedia will be marketed to undergraduate, public, and
school libraries your writing should be aimed at non-specialists in the
subject. Each entry should be intelligently written and comprehensive.
Entries should be as interdisciplinary and jargon-free as possible, with
explanations provided for any specialized terminology. Since this
encyclopedia is being targeted to the high school and college market more
than to academics, you will need to explain more basic terms. When in
doubt, define a term or identify a person. Explain concepts in
uncomplicated terms as if you were explaining them to a college-bound high
school class.
Spelling
Use first spelling given by the latest edition of Webster’s New Collegiate
Dictionary. Alternative English spellings (e.g., “analysing,” “colour”)
are acceptable provided they are used consistently throughout the entry.
Numbers
Spell out whole numbers one through ninety-nine, but use figures for
larger numbers, percentages (6 percent—note that “percent” is spelled out
as one word), page numbers, and exact measurements (5 meters). If similar
numbers both large and small occur in a single paragraph or section, use
figures for all of them. (The group consisted of 29 women and 103 men).
(See Chicago, Chapter 8, for details.)
Some examples:
1890s (no apostrophe); 1871-1875 (NOT 1871–75)
12 percent, 0.4 percent
23 acres, 2 kilograms
25 million people, $3.5 million
4,000 (comma with ordinary number) but p. 1259 (no comma)
pp. 455-458 (NOT 455-8 or 455-58)
Dates
Use American style: December 13, 1987 not 13 December 1987.
Abbreviations and acronyms
Spell out on first use in a chapter or entry; include the acronym in
parentheses immediately after the first mention: Department of
Transportation (DOT), chief executive officer (CEO).
References and Bibliography
In reference publications, citations and notes should be used sparingly.
They should be confined mainly to the referencing of direct quotations.
Informational notes should not be used; instead, work their main points
into the text. It is particularly important that material of this sort be
consistently styled. Please follow the samples below when styling
references. Please note that these examples include styling for references
with multiple authors, edited volumes, and multiple editions.
Books
Barbour, Ian. 1974. Myths, Models, and Paradigms: A Comparative Study in
Science and Religion. New York: Harper and Row.
Browne, William P., and Louis E. Swanson. 1995. “Living with the Minimum:
Rural Public Policy.” Pp. 481–492 in The American Countryside: Rural
People and Places. Edited by Emery N. Castle. Lawrence: University Press
of Kansas.
Farmwinkle, William. 1983. Humor of the American Midwest. Vol. 2, Survey
of American Humor. Boston: Plenum Press.
Lenz, Carolyn Ruth Swift, Gayle Greene, and Carol Thomas Neely, eds. 1980.
The Woman’s Part: Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Champaign: University
of Illinois Press.
Manning, Jane S., Ida J. Frank, and Charles A. Smith. 1987. Astronomy for
the Beginning Meteorologist. Chicago: Darkweather and Clere.
Smart, Ninian. 1976. The Religious Experience of Mankind. 2d ed. New York:
Scribner’s Sons.
Unwin, Liam P., and Joseph Galway. 1984. Calm in Ireland. Boston:
Stronghope Press.
Wiley, Bell. I., ed. 1980. Slaves No More: Letters from Liberia, 1833–
1869. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Foucault, Michel. 1978/1981. The history of sexuality, vol. 1, an
introduction. Translated by Robert Hurley. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Periodicals
Bennett, John W. 1946. “The Interpretation of Pueblo Culture: A Question
of Values.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 2:361–374.
Duncan, Cynthia M., and Ann R. Tickamyer. 1988. “Poverty Research and
Policy for Rural America.” American Sociologist 19, no. 3: 243–259.
Orshansky, Mollie. 1965. “Counting the Poor: Another Look at the Poverty
Profile.” Social Security Bulletin 28 (January): 3–29.
Miscl.
ERIC Document: Franklin, Karen. 1998. Psychosocial Motivations of Hate
Crimes Perpetrators: Implications for Educational Intervention. Paper
presented at the 106th Annual Convention of the American Psychological
Association at San Francisco, CA, August 16. ERIC Document ED 423 939.
Film: Nayar, Deepak, and Gurinder Chadha (Producers), and Gurinder Chadha
(Director). (2003). Bend It Like Beckham [Motion Picture]. USA: Twentieth
Century Fox.
Videotape: Women’s Educational Media. [Videotape.] 1996. It’s Elementary:
Talking about Gay Issues. San Francisco.
On-Line Newspaper Article: Rothaus, Steve. 2003, July 16. “Workshop
Targets Young Gays with a Penchant for Club Drugs.” Miami Herald
Accessed September 24, 2003.
http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/living/columnissteve_rothaus.
On-Line Material: National Youth Advocacy Coalition. 2003. Materials &
Training. Accessed July 7, 2004.
http://www.nyacyouth.org/nyac/materials_training.html
Dissertation: Bennet, Michael. “The Battle of Stoke: A Reinterpretation of
the Evidence.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1987.
Paper Presentation: Hicks, Michael. “Henry VII and the Origins of the
Council Learned.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American
Historical Association, New York, January 1997.
Multiple entries by a single author must be listed in chronological, not
alphabetical, order:
Barbour, Ian. 1974. Myths, Models, and Paradigms: A Comparative Study in
Science and Religion. New York: Harper and Row.
———. [note the use of the dash to signify the same author] 1980. Conflicts
in Science and Religion. New York: Harper and Row.
Web Sites
AHSL Educational Services. February 1995 [last date updated]. John Smith
[Name of "author" or sponsor of site, if known]. Accessed March 16, 1995.
<http://amber.medlib.arizona.edu/homepage.html.>
State/Province Names
Use the two-letter postal abbreviations for state and province names
(Vancouver, BC). For large cities (e.g., New York, Tokyo, etc.) or if the
state name is included in the publisher’s name (Madison: State Historical
Society of Wisconsin), the state or province name is omitted.
Quotations/Citations
Any in-text quotation in an entry must cite its source, including page
number, e.g., (Brown 1998, 235).
Multiple citations should appear thusly: (Sanlo, Rankin, and Schonberg
2002); (Abbot and Love 1973; Faderman 1991; Jay 1999)
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