medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Today (9. June) is also the feast day of:
Richard of Andria (d. ca. 1199).
It's not every saint of the Regno, less well known or not, whose
hagiographic dossier includes a memorandum of ocular testimony by a
member of the kingdom's leading nobility. This is the _Historia
inventionis et translationis gloriosi corporis s. Richardi Anglici
confessoris et episcopi Andriensis_ (BHL 7205, 7206) ostensibly by (but
in all likelihood written for) Francesco II Del Balzo, Duke of Andria,
Count of Montescaglioso, member of the Sacro Regio Consilio of the
mostly mainland kingdom of Sicily. Dated 15. September 1451, this
outlines in a first-person narration how he, the duke, had in 1438 been
informed by a certain Tassus that the remains of Andria's sainted bishop
Richard, lost from sight close to a century earlier during Louis of
Hungary's invasion of the kingdom (Louis' mercenaries sacked Andria in
1350), could be found buried in Andria's cathedral, how he and the then
bishop oversaw the recovery of these relics and their translation to the
main altar, how cathedral documents had later been discovered giving a
brief biography of the saint (for whom there was then no Office),
establishing his _dies natalis_ as 9. June, listing post-mortem miracles
resumed in the duke's account, and indicating that R. had been canonized
at some obscurely expressed time in the now distant past (generally
interpreted to indicate the pontificate of Boniface VIII). In 1451
these documents were alleged to have been lost (the Miracles excepted)
and confirmation of R.'s cult was said to have been obtained, in the
absence of these proofs, from Eugenius IV (d. 1447).
That R. was a twelfth-century bishop of Andria is certain from other
mentions. Neither the alleged original canonization nor the confirmation
by Eugenius IV is otherwise attested. According to the Diocese of
Andria's account (at bottom here):
http://www.diocesiandria.it/diocesi.htm
R. was inscribed in the _Martyrologium Romanum_ under Urban VII; given
the extraordinary brevity of the latter's pontificate, a better bet
would be Urban VIII.
In 1438 duke Francesco began a major reconstruction of Andria's twelfth-
century cathedral, built over an earlier (9th- or 10th-century) church;
an early addition (1440) was a special chapel housing R.'s remains
(that he didn't stay under the main altar is another indication of his
then insecure saintly status). Dedicated to Our Lady of the Assumption,
this building was redecorated in baroque mode in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries; in the nineteenth century a neo-classical porch
was added. A restoration in 1965 returned much of the interior (but
not R.'s chapel) to a "gothic" appearance, highlighted by the ogival
arches (added in 1494) separating the presbytery from the nave:
http://www.andria.puglia.it/storiaecultura/Resources/cattedrale/navate.gif
TinyURL for this: http://tinyurl.com/cdfws
http://www.andriacity.it/storia/img_city/imgcity32.gif
TinyURL for this: http://tinyurl.com/9gozy
Here's duke Francesco's portrait bust, attributed to Domenico Gagini
(1425-92) and now in Andria's Museo Diocesano:
http://www.diocesiandria.it/operearte/bustogrande.jpg
And here's the page that comes from (.jpgs expndable):
http://www.diocesiandria.it/opere.htm
Views of the cathedral's exterior are here:
http://www.itineraweb.com/foto/grandtour/catt_andria2.jpg
http://www.andriaweb.it/visitare_citta/imma_visita/cattedrale.jpg
TinyURL for this: http://tinyurl.com/764wj
http://www.pugliaimperiale.it/photos/ANDRIACA.jpg
Upper parts of the belltower:
http://www.andriaweb.it/visitare_citta/imma_visita/camp_duomo.jpg
TinyURL for this: http://tinyurl.com/7denb
Another chapel houses Andria's "Sacra Spina", a single thorn supposedly
taken from the Crown of Thorns and whose tip is said briefly to turn
red in years when the feast of the Annunciation and Good Friday
coincide. 2005 was such a year:
http://digilander.libero.it/davide.arpe/AndriaSpina2005.htm
The thorn's Official Site is here:
http://www.diocesiandria.it/sacraspina/#
This thorn is said to have come to Andria as a gift of Charles II late
in his reign (1285-1309), very possibly in 1308 when his daughter
Beatrice of Anjou married Bertrand des Baux / Bertrando del Balzo, lord
of Andria (yes, these Del Balzo are a branch of the Provencal family
that takes its name from Les Baux). Its miraculous reddening is not
recorded prior to the early modern period.
The crypt, a remnant of the predecessor church, is said to house the
tombs of Frederick II's wives Isabella (Yolande) of Brienne and Isabella
(Elizabeth) of England (F.'s residence of Castel del Monte is only some
18 km. distant from Andria).
Best,
John Dillon
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