medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
From the aforementioned article in Cath. Enc. on "immediate" judgment and
reward/punishment:
"The Scriptural arguments in defence of the particular judgment must be
indirect. There is no text of which we can certainly say that it expressly
affirms this dogma but there are several which teach an immediate
retribution after death and thereby clearly imply a particular judgment.
Christ represents Lazarus and Dives as receiving their respective rewards
immediately after death. They have always been regarded as types of the just
man and the sinner. To the penitent thief it was promised that his soul
instantly on leaving the body would be in the state of the blessed: "This
day thou shalt be with me in Paradise" (Luke 23:43). St. Paul (II
Corinthians 5) longs to be absent from the body that he may be present to
the Lord, evidently understanding death to be the entrance into his reward
(cf. Philemon 1:21 sq.). Ecclesiasticus 11:28-29 speaks of a retribution at
the hour of death, but it may refer to a temporal punishment, such as sudden
death in the midst of prosperity, the evil remembrance that survives the
wicked or the misfortunes of their children. However, the other texts that
have been quoted are sufficient to establish the strict conformity of the
doctrine with Scripture teaching. (Cf. Acts 1:25; Apocalypse 20:4-6,
12-14.)"
MG
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