Hi all,
This morning I sent the data at the bottom of this email to Clive in a
spreadsheet but it didn't get copied to [log in to unmask] (our
email address is now different than what we had in the list server). If you
get this, I've finally resolved the list server email address issue
(hopefully you don't get any duplicates). Anyway, I've included the data
below.
Martin is correct in the comment he raises with regard to the higher totals
of the data we provided to WRI for their 2000 study. The purpose of the WRI
work was to total, by country, the claims, including overlapping claims and
joint development zones. Some other considerations and/or assumptions were
made in that study that I don't recall off the top of my head. The short
answer is that the purpose of the study was different and hence the results
of roll-ups are different (i.e., larger than the Earth's surface area).
The data below are from the General Dynamics' August 2003 Edition of the
Global Maritime Boundaries Database (GMBD) specifically to address Clive's
question.
----------Basic Areas---------------------------------
Feature Area in Square Miles (Sinusoidal
Projection)
LAND 57,185,178.75
ISLAND 12.90
SHOAL 166.99
BANK 154.41
INTERTIDAL 535.30
---------------
Total Land 57,186,048.35
Ocean Claims Totals
CONTIGUOUS ZONE 2,182,225.55
DEVELOPMENT ZONE 89,777.63
ECONOMIC ZONE 48,081,607.28
FISHING ZONE 3,247,411.71
TERRITORIAL SEA Other 7,306.14
TERRITORIAL SEA 8,620,356.98
MILITARY ZONE 22,315.14
SPECIAL ZONE 19,679.70
---------------
Total Claimed and Potential Claim to Oceans 62,270,680.13
HIGH SEAS 77,524,473.20
---------------
Total High Seas 77,524,473.20
----------Land and Claimed and Unclaimed Ocean----
Total Land
57,186,048.35
Total Claimed and Potential Claim to Oceans
62,270,680.13
Total High Seas 77,524,473.20
-----------------
Total Earth Surface
196,981,201.68
Land as Percentage of Earth 29.03%
Claimed and Potential Claim to Oceans as Percentage of Earth 31.61%
Remaining High Seas Percentage of Earth 39.36%
----------
Earth Surface as Percentage of Earth 100.00%
----------Land versus Ocean --------------------------
Total Land 57,186,048.35
Total Ocean 139,795,153.33
-----------------
Total Earth Surface 196,981,201.68
Land as Percentage of Earth 29.03%
Ocean as Percentage of Earth 70.97%
---------
Earth Surface as Percentage of Earth 100.00%
----------Ocean Only - Potential Claims versus High Seas--------
Total Claimed and Potential Claim to Oceans
62,270,680.13
Total High Seas 77,524,473.20
-----------------
Total Ocean
139,795,153.33
Claimed and Potential Claims to Oceans as Percentage of Ocean ONLY
44.54%
Remaining High Seas as Percentage of Ocean ONLY
55.46%
----------
Ocean as Percentage of Ocean
100.00%
------------------------------------------------------------------
The areas were calculated using the Sinusoidal Equal-Area Projection. The
roll-ups are based on our portrayal of claimed and potential claims to
territorial seas, contiguous zones, fishing zones, joint development zones,
special zones, military zones and economic zones generally out to 200 nm.
Internal waters are included in the territorial sea values. Antarctica
claims are included but not the extended continental shelf claims.
Potential economic zones are based on equidistant lines and/or existing
continental shelf boundary agreements under the assumption that these would
generally be starting points for economic zones agreements. The basemap the
calculations is WVS 1:3,000,000 although the limits and median lines were
derived from a General Dynamics modified WVS 1:250,000 basemap.
Although I did the calculations rather short-fused, I believe I eliminated
essentially all duplicate areas that result from the overlapping claims and
joint zones. I think this narrative covers most of the questions one might
have regarding the data and the calculations that went into the results
above.
Please feel free to drop me an email if you have additional questions.
However, bear in mind that I am on travel most of this month so my reply may
be slow in coming.
Best Regards,
Lorin
Mr. Lorin Pruett
Manager, Global GIS Data Projects
General Dynamics
Advanced Information Systems
540-E Huntmar Park Drive
Herndon, Virginia, USA 20170-5100
703-456-2884 (Voice)
703-796-5622 (FAX)
[log in to unmask]
http://www.MaritimeBoundaries.com
[log in to unmask]
http://www.GlobalGISdata.com
-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Pratt [mailto:[log in to unmask]]
Sent: Tuesday, March 02, 2004 12:44 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: A question of proportion
A series of datasets relating to the areas of offshore jurisdictional
zones is available from the World Resources Institute at
http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/. The data are derived from the
Global Maritime Boundaries Database (2000 edition). Due to the way the
datasets are organised, it's not easy to use them to generate the
'bottom line' figure that Clive is seeking but, with a little work, I'm
sure they could be used to shed some light on the question. If you do
wish to view them, be aware that some of the world totals given by WRI
are significantly larger than the sum of the areas of listed for
individual states; if anyone can explain these discrepancies, I'd be
grateful to hear from you.
I assume that all the areas in the WRI datasets are planimetric. I don't
know enough about geodesy to know the scale of the variations between
planimetric and geodetic areas are across the globe, but I imagine they
are likely to be considerable. Would one of the geodesists on the list
be able to comment on this point?
m a r t i n
==================================
Martin Pratt
Director of Research
International Boundaries Research Unit
Department of Geography
University of Durham
South Road
Durham DH1 3LE
United Kingdom
+44 (0)191 334 1964 (direct line)
+44 (0)191 334 1962 (fax)
[log in to unmask] (email)
http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk (World Wide Web)
==================================
> -----Original Message-----
> From: International boundaries discussion list
> [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Clive Schofield
> Sent: 02 March 2004 06:24
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: A question of proportion
>
> Dear Colleagues,
>
> A question of maritime jurisdiction for you. I've often seen
> it written that the oceans cover 71-72% of the earth's
> surface. However, there seems to be less agreement as to the
> proportion of the oceans under some form of national
> jurisdiction (ranging from territorial sea out to extended
> continental shelf claims) with estimates ranging between 32%
> and a potential 47% (though the latter figure seems too
> high). Does anyone have a more definitive estimate as to what
> proportion of the world's oceans currently fall within
> national zones of jurisdiction and, further, what the figure
> would be were every state to claim the maximum zones
> permissible under the LOS Convention? (In writing the latter
> part of this question the word "Antarctica" looms large I suspect!).
>
> Many thanks,
>
> Clive
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