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PHD-DESIGN  2003

PHD-DESIGN 2003

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Subject:

Re: Design Learning

From:

Chris Heape <[log in to unmask]>

Reply-To:

Chris Heape <[log in to unmask]>

Date:

Fri, 29 Aug 2003 18:01:05 +0200

Content-Type:

text/plain

Parts/Attachments:

Parts/Attachments

text/plain (105 lines)

Reply

Reply

Dear Chuck,

Thanks for your very warm response.

I was interested in your reference to case based learning.

You wrote:
"... ... Lawyers and doctors have learned to turn case based learning 
into a (more or less) creative way of thinking and Schon has noted a 
useful dynamic in the reflective thinking of practitioners. Schank has 
pointed out the significant role of situationally anchored, easily 
visualized "scripts" in how we recall and apply prior knowledge in 
similar situations... Understanding how knowledge is assimilated and 
recalled is crucial to our task. As design educators we need to place 
more emphasis on how we think and less on the form of the outcome 
(without ignoring that of course..."

I have often wondered how one could take the imaginary story that I 
referred to, slightly closer to the real world. A kind of step-up in 
complexity and tangibility.
I used to have a subscription to the Harvard Business Review and in 
each copy there was a fictitious "case" that represented a synthesis of 
various real cases, drawn form business life. The cases were typically 
human resource situations involving, leadership, communication and 
sometimes innovation. There was a panel of experts, often top level 
industry leaders or recognised scholars, who commented on the case. I 
was always intrigued as to how seriously everyone took this. The cases 
and the following discussion was very enlightening.
Over here they use this technique to teach students at the business 
gymnasium level (6th form college).

With regard to design students, I have always been concerned as to how 
one can introduce "real life" design situations, (and my interest is 
collaborative design situations), into the curriculum, that would allow 
students to get acquainted with the human interactions involved, 
without first throwing them to the wolves of a real professional 
situation. They must, at some stage, get into the thick of industry, 
even whilst they are students, but hopefully adequately prepared.
I wonder if case based learning could act as some kind of intermediary 
step? This interest in giving students an understanding of the human 
interactions involved in collaborative design and the development and 
deployment of personal design resources into the collaborative design 
arena, is the driver in my interest in looking at the students' 
community of practice.
My general approach to the students is that they all have resources 
that are far greater than they realise. They have, most of them anyway, 
about 23 - 26 years experience in being a human being. So they're not 
completely green. I think a greater understanding of the students' 
community of practice, could reveal potential resources that they could 
build on, maybe supported by case based learning. I'm sure that they 
could learn strategies of human interaction, that would help them when 
they ventured into industrial practice.

You mention Roger G. Schank and the need to try and understand the 
students' thinking processes.  I first came across his thinking when I 
thought my research was mostly about creativity, both individual and 
collaborative. After reading in particular Schank (1988, 1999), Dewey 
(1933) and to a lesser extent Schön (1987), I realised that it was 
necessary to really dig into the thinking process involved. This then 
led me onto general learning theory.
Much of my thinking about experimenting and creativity as "making 
mistakes" sometimes on purpose, in order to then come up with an 
explanation as to why, came from Roger Schank. He had a deceptively 
simple way of cutting to the bone of what creativity was for him.

Best regards,

Chris.

References:
Dewey J (1933) How we think, a restatement of the relation of 
reflective thinking to the educative process. D. C. Heath and company, 
Lexington, Mass., (x, 301)
Schank R. G. (1988) Creativity as a Mechanical Process. In: Sternberg 
RJ (ed.) The Nature of creativity : contemporary psychological 
perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge ; New York (pp 
220-269)
Schank RC (1999) Dynamic memory revisited. Cambridge University Press, 
Cambridge ; New York (xii, 302)
Schön D (1987) Educating the reflective practitioner. Jossey-Bass, San 
Francisco, CA



-------------

from:

Chris Heape
Senior Researcher - Design Didactics / Design Practice
Mads Clausen Institute
University of Southern Denmark
Sønderborg
Denmark

http://www.mci.sdu.dk

Work @ MCI:
tel: +45 6550 1671
e.mail: chris @mci.sdu.dk

Work @ Home:
tel +45 7630 0380
e.mail: [log in to unmask]

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