Hi all,
you may want to check out an excellent book by Olkin (1999) called 'What
psychotherapists need to know about disability' which talks about the
social model and counselling. I think that counselling offers a awful lot
to people with disabilities but it has to be done from a social perspective.
Counselling goes some way in helping families and people with disabilities
to develop a positive self-esteem, ways of coping with a hostile world and
valuing diFrom [log in to unmask] Thu Jun 22 14:24:47 2000
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Subject: RE: Universal Design
From: "Carnagey, Bill" <[log in to unmask]>
To: "[log in to unmask]"
<[log in to unmask]>,
"'Deborah Pitman'"
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Hi Deborah,
I am an adaptive computer technologist working in a state university
setting. I am also a Ph.D. student in Computing Technology in
Education-special emphasis on assistive technology and adaptive computer
technology. The point here is that by background, training, and current
practice, I "should" be an advocate for universal design. However, because
I live simultaneously in the worlds of theory and philosophy (graduate
studies), and reality (current practice x 10 years), I have a hard time
swallowing the universal design magic bullet. Mostly, my reserve on this
issue is closely related to your fourth question/point - " ... can not
benefit everyone?" However, you clearly add even more "grist for the mill"
with your other question/points. It would behoove everyone to keep these
points in mind as they consider universal design issues.
I think that there might be many isolated examples where universal design
has the potential to benefit a very significant segment of the population
while causing no simultaneous adverse impact on others. Consider, for
example, automatic doors in public facilities. Clearly, they are useful for
those with mobility challenges. Likewise, they are a welcomed site for the
"able-bodied" with both arms loaded down with packages or other items. It's
hard to imagine a situation in which automatic doors would not be beneficial
for everyone and harmless to others-especially in the case of doors that
slide open and closed as opposed to the swing-in/swing-out type.
In my area of expertise (adaptive computing), the answers are less absolute.
For example, several multimedia elements may render a computer program more
accessible for some individuals, while simultaneously making the program
completely inaccessible for others. On the other hand, all of the adaptive
computers in our open (inclusive model) computer labs are placed on
motorized, adjustable tables. Their primary purpose is to accommodate a
wide range of wheelchair sizes and configurations. Still, they are mighty
handy for those without disclosed or obvious disabilities - who just happen
to come in a wide range of sizes and configurations themselves. I feel that
requiring web pages to be accessible via text-browsers is a good standard.
This makes web access possible for those who are blind, or perhaps who have
certain kinds of learning disabilities. They also make the very web content
accessible by those, with our without disabilities, who use hand-held
devices (e.g., digital phones) or who use older computers and browsers.
Conversely, I see no harm in allowing web designers to have the full-blown
multimedia pages-so long as alternative formats are readily available.
Finally, a universally designed computer system means, to me, that it would
have all accessibility features built in at the outset. I believe the
technology is available to accomplish such a goal, but at what cost?
Surely, building voice recognition and speech synthesis into every computer,
for example, is bound to drive the price up. Those prices are going to be
passed along to all consumers. Why should someone have to pay an increased
price for an accommodation they clearly do not need?
I apologize for the long response. I have been a lurker on this listserv
for nearly two years. I've responded only briefly on a couple of occasions.
This time, you just happened to touch upon a topic of great interest to me.
Moreover, it should be of great interest to all users, designers, and
advocates of technology or other devices. In closing, I would summarize
simply by saying that (in my humble opinion): a) there are certain items
that can benefit a great many via universal design; b) some universally
designed items may not be accessible for everyone-thus, necessitating
individualized fine-tuning (or even redesign); and c) some items are not
good candidates for universal design and, thus, universal design should not
be applied to every item in the universe. As with all things, a little
common sense and pragmatics goes a long way toward workable solutions.
Best Regards,
Bill Carnagey, M.S.Ed., CVE
Assistive Technology Support
Southwest Missouri University
Springfield, Missouri
SMSU Assistive <http://computerservices.smsu.edu/assistivetech/> Technology
Web Page
Ph.D. Student
Computing Technology in Education
School of Computer and Information Sciences
Nova Southeastern University
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
-----Original Message-----
From: Deborah Pitman [mailto:[log in to unmask]]
Sent: Wednesday, June 21, 2000 4:19 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Universal Design
Universal Design is supposedly 'good design' that aims at maximising the
usability of an object or environment.
What is the opinion regarding Universal Design?
Does Universal Design deny the user individuality?
Does Universal Design improve the quality of life for everyone?
Surely one design can not benefit everyone?
Do you have any examples of bad universal design?
Deborah Pitman
[log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]>
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<body bgcolor=3Dwhite lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dblue =
style=3D'tab-interval:.5in'>
<div class=3DSection1>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>H=
i
Deborah,<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I=
am an
adaptive computer technologist working in a state university =
setting.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I am also a Ph.D. student in =
Computing
Technology in Education—special emphasis on assistive technology =
and adaptive
computer technology.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The =
point here
is that by background, training, and current practice, I =
“should” be an
advocate for universal design.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>However, because I live simultaneously in the worlds of theory =
and philosophy
(graduate studies), and reality (current practice x 10 years), I have a =
hard
time swallowing the universal design magic bullet.<span =
style=3D"mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>Mostly, my reserve on this issue is closely related =
to your
fourth question/point – “ … can not benefit =
everyone?”<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, you clearly add even =
more
“grist for the mill” with your other question/points.<span =
style=3D"mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>It would behoove everyone to keep these points in =
mind as
they consider universal design =
issues.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I=
think
that there might be many isolated examples where universal design has =
the
potential to benefit a very significant segment of the population while =
causing
no simultaneous adverse impact on others.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">
</span>Consider, for example, automatic doors in public =
facilities.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Clearly, they are useful for =
those with
mobility challenges.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</span>Likewise,
they are a welcomed site for the “able-bodied” with both =
arms loaded down with
packages or other items.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</span>It’s hard
to imagine a situation in which automatic doors would not be beneficial =
for
everyone and harmless to others—especially in the case of doors =
that slide open
and closed as opposed to the swing-in/swing-out =
type.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I=
n my area
of expertise (adaptive computing), the answers are less absolute.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For example, several =
multimedia
elements may render a computer program more accessible for some =
individuals,
while simultaneously making the program completely inaccessible for
others.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On the other =
hand, all of
the adaptive computers in our open (inclusive model) computer labs are =
placed
on motorized, adjustable tables.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">
</span>Their primary purpose is to accommodate a wide range of =
wheelchair sizes
and configurations.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</span>Still, they
are mighty handy for those without disclosed or obvious disabilities =
– who just
happen to come in a wide range of sizes and configurations =
themselves.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I feel that requiring web =
pages to be
accessible via text-browsers is a good standard.<span =
style=3D"mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>This makes web access possible for those who are =
blind, or
perhaps who have certain kinds of learning disabilities.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They also make the very web =
content
accessible by those, with our without disabilities, who use hand-held =
devices
(e.g., digital phones) or who use older computers and browsers.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Conversely, I see no harm in =
allowing
web designers to have the full-blown multimedia pages—so long as =
alternative
formats are readily available.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</span>Finally,
a universally designed computer system means, to me, that it would have =
all
accessibility features built in at the outset.<span =
style=3D"mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>I believe the technology is available to accomplish =
such a
goal, but at what cost?<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</span>Surely,
building voice recognition and speech synthesis into every computer, =
for example,
is bound to drive the price up.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Those prices are going to be passed along to all consumers.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Why should someone have to =
pay an
increased price for an accommodation they clearly do not =
need?<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I=
apologize for the long response.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> </span>I
have been a lurker on this listserv for nearly two years.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I’ve responded only =
briefly on a couple
of occasions.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This time, =
you just
happened to touch upon a topic of great interest to me.<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Moreover, it should be of =
great
interest to all users, designers, and advocates of technology or other
devices.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In closing, I =
would
summarize simply by saying that (in my humble opinion):<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>a) there are certain items =
that can
benefit a great many via universal design; b) some universally designed =
items
may not be accessible for everyone—thus, necessitating =
individualized
fine-tuning (or even redesign); and c) some items are not good =
candidates for universal
design and, thus, universal design should not be applied to every item =
in the
universe.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As with all =
things, a
little common sense and pragmatics goes a long way toward workable =
solutions.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>B=
est
Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Bill =
Carnagey,
M.S.Ed., CVE</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;co=
lor:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Assistive=
Technology Support</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;co=
lor:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Southwest=
Missouri University</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;co=
lor:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Springfie=
ld,
Missouri</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;co=
lor:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><a
href=3D"http://computerservices.smsu.edu/assistivetech/">SMSU Assistive
Technology Web Page</a></span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;co=
lor:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p=
></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Ph.D. =
Student</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p=
></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Computing=
Technology in Education</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;co=
lor:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>School =
of
Computer and Information Sciences</span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>=
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Nova
Southeastern University</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;co=
lor:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Fort =
Lauderdale,
Florida</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;mso-color-=
alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle18><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><=
![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DTahoma><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Deborah Pitman
[mailto:[log in to unmask]]<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, June =
21, 2000
4:19 PM<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b>
[log in to unmask]<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Universal =
Design</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D3 =
color=3Dnavy
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D3 =
color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Universal
Design is supposedly 'good design' that aims at maximising the =
usability of an object
or environment.</span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D3 =
color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D3 =
color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>What is the
opinion regarding Universal Design?</span></font><font =
color=3Dnavy><span
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Does
Universal Design deny the user individuality? </span></font><font =
color=3Dnavy><span
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Does
Universal Design improve the quality of life for =
everyone?</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Surely
one design can not benefit everyone?</span></font><font =
color=3Dnavy><span
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Do you have
any examples of bad universal design?</span></font><font =
color=3Dnavy><span
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D3 =
color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Deborah
Pitman</span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><a
href=3D"mailto:[log in to unmask]">[log in to unmask]
serve.co.uk</a></span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D3 =
color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><font size=3D3 =
color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>
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