Graham Jones wrote: >At the same time, we agree that patterns are very often palimpsests, and that mantras are to be treated with suspicion - e.g. Michael and hilltops..... Interesting image, though I'm having a bit of trouble parsing it. I know what a palimsest is. And I know what a pattern is. Do you mean to say that you are seeing the sacred (as it were) landscape as a palimsest, with one epoch replacing the previous "generations'" vocations with ones more useful and specific to its own? >Since another important chunk of medieval mentality appears to have been concerned with spatial relationships, I'm greatly tempted to associate gateway hospitals with a perceived contrast between the security of the walled town and the risks attendant outside it..... >....Similarly, the preponderance of lazar houses among the English hospitals of St Leonard provokes images of exclusion. Another interesting visualisation. "gateway hospitals" Was it customary for hospitals (I assume you are speaking here of what in France are called "ho^tels-dieu" not leprosaria) in English cities to be located near gateways? Inside or outside the walls? Or, perhaps originally outside, but then incorporated within as the city grew? All I know of hospitals: 1) The original hotel-dieu of Chartres (a 13th c. building, on an older site, pulled down in the 1860s) was just across from the Southwest tower of the cathedral (now replaced by a little police station and certain essential public facilities); b) The leprosarium ("Le Grand-Beaulieu"), which has apparently disappeared without a physical trace (though extensive cartularies survive) was well beyond even the 13th c. city walls, on a hill to the Southwest; iii) One of the Brother Cadfael stories takes place in the modest leper house well outside the walls of Shrewsbury; Naturally, I take this latter source I take to be definitive, but, in courtesy, I would be glad to have others' opinions as well. Best from here, Christopher ____________________________________________________________________ Get your own FREE, personal Netscape WebMail account today at http://webmail.netscape.com. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%