Exact methods can be used. I once wrote a small DOS program to calculate such limits which I attach. poisslim.exe (63kb) to use in this example press - 3 - Poisson limits then 8 0 [Enter] (n=8, r=0) to get the answer probability p=0, 95% limits high 0.37 low 0. ps the program will handle batch files and the C++ source file is available if wanted. The help is terse and minimalistic. Others may have better software. Rory ps I am afraid that I am unable to resend attachments if they are trashed by NHSnet or the Internet. Dr Rory O'Conor Consultant Clinical Epidemiologist Clinical Audit Pinderfields & Pontefract Hospitals NHS Trust Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK Tel: +44 1924 212850 Fax: +44 1924 814864 Email: [log in to unmask] X400:"c=gb;a=nhs;p=nhs n and y hn; o=nhs pinderfields and pontefract hospitals tr; ou=gwise;s=oconor;g=rory" http://nww.panp-tr.northy.nhs.uk/ (extranet) http://www.demon.co.uk/pinderfields/ (internet) http://www.btinternet.com/~rory.oconor/ (personal) >>> DDA.RFC-822=evidence-based-health-request(a)mailbase.ac.uk 22/07/99 08:11 >>> Can any one help? I'm struggling with the technical point of how to deal with a proportion of zero, especially in a small study. e.g. "none of the eight study patients responded to treatment therefore the treatment should never be used clinically for similar patients". Is there a way of generating a confidence interval for a proportion of zero?