Graham, critters I agree with the first part of this statement - i.e. the formation of cultural identity - but why does identity have to be necessarily tied in to notions of 'dominant ideology'. Identities are also a form of resistance - they are not something simply 'given' by particular social formations and discursive regimes. As I say my input was crude and for me the fixing of almost anything is contingent. dominant ideology isn't always at issue here - I didn't say it was - let's be careful not to expect too much of this e-medium. So I concur with your point regarding appropriation and resistance - indeed I have just written to David on this. I like the idea of 'war of maneouvre' and the debates about hegemony / hegemonic reconstitutions (cf. Gramsci). Gavin Dr Gavin Parker School of Management Studies University of Surrey GUILDFORD Surrey GU2 5XH Direct Tel: +44 1483 876366 Fax: +44 1483 259387 New for Academic Year 1999/2000 - MSc course in: Leisure, Culture and Tourism Management. http://www.surrey.ac.uk/SMSSS/leis.html %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%