The current discussion on PTHER regarding the training necessary to perform spinal manipulation reminds me that there is a difference between a body of knowledge and the person employing it. "Therapeutic Absence" examines this idea further and suggests that the presence of one who knows can make a difference to the outcome of care, although it may be difficult to explain exactly how. You can find it at <A HREF="http://qin.com/dorko"> "The Clinician's Manual" </A> <http://qin.com/dorko> in the "From Dorko's Desk" section. Barrett L. Dorko P.T. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%